不同大豆品种症青严重程度评价及施药预防策略  

Evaluation of the Severity of Stay-Green Syndrome and Prevention Strategy of Pesticide Application in Different Soybean Varieties

作　　者：晏云 李林 亢江飞 常丽丹 方社法 陈颖民 郭建秋 YAN Yun;LI Lin;KANG Jiangfei;CHANG Lidan;FANG Shefa;CHEN Yingmin;GUO Jianqiu(Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第5期549-556,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业良种联合攻关项目(2022010304)。

摘　　要：为了探索大豆症青的施药预防策略,试验以16个不同开花期的大豆品种为研究材料,采用裂区试验设计,其中,主区是喷施杀虫剂(522.5 g/L氯氰·毒死蜱乳油),共3个处理(对照.不喷施杀虫剂;B1.每个品种的初花期喷施1次杀虫剂,盛荚期喷施1次杀虫剂;B2.统一在出苗后第40天喷施1次杀虫剂,第60天喷施1次杀虫剂),副区是16个不同大豆品种。分析了不喷施杀虫剂时不同大豆品种的症青严重程度和2种杀虫剂喷施方法对不同大豆品种单株有效荚、无效荚、无效荚比例、单株粒数、症青株率的影响。结果表明,对照(不喷施杀虫剂)下的16个大豆品种均发生严重的症青现象,症青株率为90.0%~100.0%,单株无效荚比例为61.6%~93.4%;16个大豆品种间症青株率差异不显著,单株无效荚比例差异达到显著或者极显著水平;B1和B2处理均能降低大豆的单株无效荚比例和症青株率,增加单株粒数,减轻大豆的症青症状;B1和B2处理间对大豆症青的预防效果没有显著差异,但是相对于B1处理,B2处理更易操作。因此,在大豆生产中,分别在出苗后40、60 d各喷施1次杀虫剂,可显著减轻大豆症青症状。In order to explore the prevention strategy of pesticide application for stay-green syndrome in soybeans,16 soybean varieties with different flowering stages were used as the research materials in this experiment.A split plot design was used.Three treatments of spraying insecticides(522.5 g/L of chlorocyanide·chlorpyrifos emulsifiable)were set in the main area,they were control(no insecticide spraying),B1 treatment(insecticides were sprayed separately according to the growth period of each variety,once in the initial flowering stage and once in the full pod stage),B2 treatment(insecticides were uniformly sprayed once on the 40th day and once on the 60th day after emergence).The different soybean varieties were in the sub areas.The severity of stay-green syndrome in different soybean varieties without spraying insecticides,the effects of two different methods of insecticide spraying on the effective pods per plant,ineffective pods per plant,the proportion of ineffective pods per plant,number of seeds per plant,and the proportion of per plant stay-green syndrome plant in different soybean varieties were analyzed.The results showed that under the experimental conditions,all 16 soybean varieties in the control group experienced severe stay-green symptom,with the proportion of stay-green syndrome plant ranging from 90.0%to 100%and the proportion of ineffective pods ranging from 61.6%to 93.4%.There was no significant difference in the proportion of stay-green syndrome plant among 16 soybean varieties,and the difference in the proportion of ineffective pods reached a significant or extremely significant level.Both B1 and B2 treatment could reduce the proportion of ineffective pods of soybean and the proportion of staygreen syndrome plant,increase the number of seeds per plant,and then the soybean stay-green syndrome was alleviated.There was no significant difference between B1 and B2 treatment in the preventive effects of soybean stay-green syndrome,but B2 treatment was easier to operate than B1 treatment.Therefore,in

关 键 词：施药时期 大豆 症青 预防效果 氯氰·毒死蜱 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]