合院式民居天井空间防热性能优化研究  

Research on the optimization of heat-proof performance of the patio in courtyard houses

作　　者：孙倩倩 范征宇 白鲁建 毛晓敏 SUN Qianqian;FAN Zhengyu;BAI Lujian;MAO Xiaomin(College of Civil and Architectural Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;College of Architecture,Xi'an University of Architecture&Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安710055 [3]西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2023年第2期362-372,共11页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51590913);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2022J052)。

摘　　要：天井是湿热地区民居进行自然通风降温的重要空间,但在建筑方案设计阶段,如何确定天井空间形态尺度的量化研究略显不足。研究以实现双碳为目标,响应可持续发展战略,提升合院式民居的防热性能,探索天井空间形态及尺度对建筑防热性能的影响作用机制。根据天井空间的不同形态尺度,采用CFD模拟软件对天井进行面宽进深比、窗井数量比、层高和竖向窗户数量4个设计变量因素的风环境和热环境模拟。研究表明:在建筑高度相同时,设计面宽与进深尺度相近的内天井,可获得较好的建筑风环境与热环境,天井设计时应避免过大面宽或进深尺度;当天井的面宽进深比较大时,可根据面宽与进深的比值,在面宽方向设计等比例数量的窗户,以增加自然通风对流,带走建筑室内和天井的热量;当天井面宽与进深尺度相近时,民居建筑层高宜控制在3~4 m,层高越高,建筑室内风环境与热环境越差;当因空间高度需求,层高高度必须大于4 m时,宜在民居南北外墙设上下高低窗,解决室内顶部空气不对流的问题。将天井空间尺度形态进行定量研究,有利于给建筑师在方案设计阶段提供明确的建筑设计指导建议,在设计阶段提升建筑绿色生态性能。Patio is an important space for natural ventilation and cooling of residential buildings in southern hot and humid areas.However,the quantitative research on how to determine the spatial form and scale of the patio is slightly insufficient in the architecture conceptual design stage.The objectives of this study are to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,respond to the sustainable development strategies,improve the thermal protection properties of courtyard houses,and explore the impact of the spatial form and scale of the patio on the thermal performance of buildings.In light of physical characteristics of patio space,CFD software was used to simulate the thermal environment to determine four design factors,including the ratio of width to depth,the number of windows equal width to depth proportion,building storey height and number of vertical windows on the facade.The results indicate that,when the building height is the same,the internal patio with a similar width and depth scale can obtain a better building wind and thermal environment,and excessive depth drmensions should be avoided in the patio design.When the width to depth proportion of the patio are relatively large,the same number of windows can be designed in the width direction which is equal to the previous proportion to increase the natural ventilation convection and take away the heat from the building interior and patio.When the scale of width and depth is approximately the same,the storey height should be controlled between 3 m to 4 m,and the higher the storey height of patio,the worse the natural ventilation and thermal environment.If the floor height must be greater than 4 m due to space height requirements,it is advisable to design upper and lower windows on the north and south exterior walls to solve the problem of air convection at the top of the room.Quantitative research on the spatial scale of patio is conducive to providing clear architectural design guidance and suggestions for architects in the conceptual design stage,and

关 键 词：湿热地区 天井空间 形态尺度 热环境 

分 类 号：TU241.1[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]