天津市某鞋厂苯作业工人血细胞异常的影响因素分析  

Analysis on influencing factors of abnormal blood cells in benzene-exposed workers in a shoe factory in Tianjin

作　　者：李培[1] 王欣[1] 高雅 刘静[1] 曾强[1] 张金月 LI Pei;WANG Xin;GAO Ya;LIIU Jing;ZENG Qiang;ZHANG Jin-yue(Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Office,Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin,300011,China;School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin,300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心职业病预防控制室,天津300011 [2]天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津300070

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第5期597-601,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：天津市卫生健康科技项目(KJ20186);天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)。

摘　　要：目的探讨天津市苯作业工人血细胞异常的影响因素。方法2021年收集天津市某鞋厂苯作业工人2020年职业健康检查资料,并通过自行设计问卷进行流行病学调查。用logistic回归分析苯作业工人个人一般情况、职业史、既往及家族疾病史、个人行为习惯、女性生理和生育情况对苯作业工人血细胞异常的影响。结果收集95例苯作业工人职业健康检查资料,并配合完成流行病学调查问卷,正常组苯作业工人66例,血细胞异常组苯作业工人29例。女性苯作业工人血细胞异常率高于男性(χ^(2)=5.033,P<0.05),未绝经的女性苯作业工人血细胞异常率高于绝经的女性工人(χ^(2)=7.469,P<0.01),年龄在18~<50岁的苯作业工人血细胞异常率高于年龄≥50岁的工人(χ^(2)=5.265,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,低文化程度的苯作业工人血细胞异常风险高于中高文化程度工人(OR=4.951,95%CI:1.078~22.748),未绝经的女性苯作业工人血细胞异常风险高于绝经的女性工人(OR=0.127,95%CI:0.033~0.487)。结论在职业健康管理中,除加强职业健康监护,还应重点关注文化程度、女性生理等高风险因素,加强高危人群应管理,预防职业病的发生。Objective To investigate the influencing factors of blood cell abnormalities in benzene-exposed workers in Tianjin.Methods In 2021,the occupational health inspection data of benzene-exposed workers in a shoe factory in Tianjin were collected,and the epidemiological investigation was conducted through self-designed questionnaires.The logistic regression was used to assess the impact on blood cell abnormalities in benzene-exposed workers from personal general condition,occupational history,past and family medical history,personal behavior,female physiological and reproductive status.Results The occupational health examination data of 95 benzene-exposed workers were collected,and they cooperated with completing the epidemiological questionnaire.There were 66 benzene-exposed workers in the normal group and 29 benzene-exposed workers in the abnormal blood cells group.The rate of abnormal blood cells in females was higher than that in males(χ^(2)=5.033,P<0.05).The rate of abnormal blood cells in premenopausal female workers was higher than that in postmenopausal female workers(χ^(2)=7.469,P<0.01).The rate of abnormal blood cells in benzene-exposed workers aged 18-<50 years old was higher than that in those aged≥50 years old(χ^(2)=5.265,P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis found that benzene workers with low education had higher risk of blood cell abnormalities than workers with medium and high education(OR=4.951,95%CI:1.078-22.748),and premenopausal female benzene workers have higher risk of blood cell abnormalities than menopausal female workers(OR=0.127,95%CI:0.033-0.487).Conclusion In occupational health management,in addition to strengthening occupational health monitoring,it is necessary to focus on high-risk factors such as educational level and female physiology,strengthen the management of high-risk groups,and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

关 键 词：苯 血细胞异常 影响因素 职业暴露 

分 类 号：R135.13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]