用电子版二维图件构建煤田勘探三维地质模型的方法与实践  

The Method and Practice of Constructing 3D Geological Model of Coalfield Exploration with 2D Electronic Maps

作　　者：魏新永 熊科 胡伟 李青元[2] 苏慧 郝多虎[3] 张宣 WEI Xinyong;XIONG Ke;HU Wei;LI Qingyuan;SU Hui;HAO Duohu;ZHANG Xuan(173 Exploration Team,CNACG,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072750;Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping,Beijing 100036;School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering,CUMTB,Beijing 100083;Changtu Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局一七三勘探队,河北涿州072750 [2]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100036 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [4]畅图科技公司,北京100083

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2023年第4期70-77,共8页Coal Geology of China

基　　金：中国煤炭地质总局第二勘探局科技创新项目“煤炭勘探三维建模平台优化研究”。

摘　　要：三维地质建模是煤田勘探适应煤炭开采绿色、精细、透明、智慧转型的必然选择。煤田地质勘探的成果是地质报告,其对煤层及其围岩空间形态的表达形式是二维图件,电子版的二维图件是构建煤田勘探区的三维地质模型的上佳数据源。本文讨论用AutoCAD/MapGIS制作的二维图件构建勘探区三维地质模型的原理、方法和软件设计思路。分析了煤田三维建模与通用三维地质建模的共性、特点与难点;讨论了三维地质建模软件中三维地质曲面的表达方式,指出虽然等高线方式在煤田勘探中有着独特的优势,但不规则三角网仍是煤田三维建模软件的标配;讨论了电子版二维煤层底板等高线图中断面交线、陷落柱边界线、煤层尖灭线等二维线要素获取高程,升维为三维曲线的方法;分析了本软件独创的半自动分区构建曲面片边界环的方法,即由用户鼠标点击选择线要素构建曲面片的外边界环;讨论了曲面片外边界环内的限定三角剖分;探讨了山脊线/沟谷线的自动提取、断层面的构建、地层体的构建、勘探线剖面图由二维转三维的方法。上述思路与方法在“煤田勘探三维建模平台”软件中得到了初步实现,并应用于宁夏、山西、青海等多个煤田勘探区数据的三维建模实践。3D geological modeling is an inevitable choice for coal exploration to adapt to the transformation of coal mining for green,fine,transparent and Intelligent mining.The result of coalfield geological exploration is a geological report.The spatial expression form for the coal seams and their surrounding rocks are 2D maps.These electronic 2D maps are excellent data sources for constructing 3D geological models of coal field exploration areas.This paper discusses the principle,method and software design idea of constructing 3D geological model of exploration area with 2D maps made by AutoCAD/MapGIS.At first,the paper analyzes the commonness,characteristics and difficulties of 3D coalfield modeling and general 3D geological modeling;Then the expression of 3D geological surface in 3D geological modeling software is discussed,and it is pointed out that although contour method has unique advantages in coal field exploration,irregular triangular network is still the standard configuration of 3D modeling software for coal field;Next,the paper discusses the method of obtaining elevation from 2D line elements such as fault line,collapse column boundary line and coal seam pinchout line in the electronic version of 2D coal seam floor contour map,and upgrading 2D curve to 3D curve;Next,the method of semi-automatic partition to build the boundary ring of the surface patch created by the software is discussed,that is,the user clicks and selects the line feature to build the outer boundary ring of the surface patch;Then,the constrained triangulation inside of the outer boundary ring is discussed;The paper also discusses the automatic extraction of ridge line/valley line,the construction of fault plane,the construction of stratigraphic body,and the method of converting exploration line profile from 2D to 3D.The above ideas and methods have been initially implemented in the"3D modeling platform for coal field exploration"software,and applied to the 3D modeling practice of data from multiple coal field exploration areas in Ningxia,Sh

关 键 词：煤田勘探 三维地质建模 半自动分区 分区三角剖分 

分 类 号：P623[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]