热解温度和氮肥用量影响生物炭的减排和增产效应  

Pyrolysis temperature and nitrogen application rate influence the effects of biochar on greenhouse gas emission reduction and spring maize yield

作　　者：钟佳旺 张丽[1,2] 詹祥生 刘榕 董勤各 张曼 冯浩[1,2,3] ZHONG Jia-wang;ZHANG Li;ZHAN Xiang-sheng;LIU Rong;DONG Qin-ge;ZHANG Man;FENG Hao(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第4期664-676,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);国家自然科学基金项目(51879224)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究生物炭性质与氮肥用量对河套灌区春玉米田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为河套灌区高效利用生物炭固碳减排提供理论支撑。【方法】试验采用室内培养与田间试验相结合的方法,供试材料为秸秆生物炭和竹炭。田间试验设常规施氮300 kg/hm^(2)对照(N)、常规氮量配施秸秆炭(SB+N)、常规氮量配施竹炭(BB+N)、减氮50%配施秸秆炭(SB+50%N)、减氮50%配施竹炭(BB+50%N)。采用静态暗箱–气象色谱法测定春玉米田温室气体排放量,并测定玉米产量。室内培养试验中分别制备热解温度为200℃、400℃和600℃的秸秆炭(S)和竹炭(B)加入土壤中,平衡3天后施入N 300 kg/hm^(2)开始恒温恒湿培养,共培养14天。监测了不同培养时间土壤中N_(2)O、CO_(2)及CH_(4)气体的排放通量。【结果】与N处理相比,SB+N、BB+N、SB+50%N和BB+50%N处理0—5 cm深土壤温度分别提高了0.50℃、1.84℃、0.35℃和1.37℃,0—10 cm深土壤温度分别提高了0.43℃、1.83℃、0.39℃和1.11℃;0—10 cm土壤含水率分别提高13.70%、8.90%、12.33%和8.90%。与N处理相比,在春玉米整个生育期内SB+N、BB+N、SB+50%N和BB+50%N处理的土壤N_(2)O累积排放量分别减少了21.91%、23.16%、25.98%和28.17%(P<0.05);SB+N和BB+N处理的CO_(2)累积排放量分别提高了7.96%和9.94%(P<0.05),而SB+50%N和BB+50%N处理的分别降低了11.54%和10.74%(P<0.05);整个春玉米生育期各生物炭处理的CH_(4)累积排放量为负值,显著低于N处理(P<0.05);SB+N、BB+N、SB+50%N和BB+50%N处理土壤的全球增温潜势(GWP)分别降低了23.26%、23.98%、27.00%和29.14%,温室气体排放强度(GHGI)分别降低了27.24%、28.97%、32.57%和34.68%(P<0.05)。生物炭添加能够提高玉米产量,SB+N、BB+N、SB+50%N和BB+50%处理较N处理分别增加5.47%、7.01%、8.26%和8.47%(P<0.05)。培养试验发现生物炭能够减少土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)的排放。N_(2)O和CO_(2)的排放通量随生物炭热解温度升高而【Objective】We studied the effects of biochar properties and nitrogen dosage on greenhouse gas emissions and yield of spring maize in the Hetao Irrigation District.【Methods】Both laboratory culture and field experiment was conducted in this research.The test materials were straw biochar and bamboo biochar.The field experiment treatments consisted of control(N)with a conventional nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm^(2),straw biochar with a conventional nitrogen rate(SB+N),bamboo biochar with a conventional nitrogen rate(BB+N),straw biochar with nitrogen reduction of 50%(SB+50%N),and bamboo biochar with nitrogen reduction of 50%(BB+50%N).The static chamber-gas chromatography was used to measure the greenhouse gas emission in spring maize field.In the laboratory test,straw biochar(S)and bamboo biochar(B)with pyrolysis temperatures of 200℃,400℃,and 600℃were added to the soil.After three days of equilibrium,test soil under constant temperature and humidity was cultured for two weeks under 300 kg/hm^(2) N addition.N_(2)O,CO_(2),and CH_(4) emission fluxes in soil were monitored in the different incubation days.【Results】Compared with N control,treatment SB+N,BB+N,SB+50%N and BB+50%N increased soil temperature in 0−5 cm depth by 0.50℃,1.84℃,0.35℃and 1.37℃respectively;increased soil temperature in 0−10 cm depth by 0.43℃,1.83℃,0.39℃and 1.11℃,respectively;and increased the moisture content in 0−10 cm soil layer by 13.70%,8.90%,12.33%,and 8.90%,respectively.Compared with N control,cumulative N_(2)O emission under SB+N,BB+N,SB+50%N,and BB+50%N decreased by 21.91%,23.16%,25.98%,and 28.17%,respectively,during the whole growth period(P<0.05).Cumulative CO_(2) emission under SB+N and BB+N increased by 7.96%and 9.94%(P<0.05),respectively,while that of SB+50%N and BB+50%N decreased by 11.54%and 10.74%(P<0.05),respectively.Cumulative CH_(4) emissions under biochar treatments during the growth period were negative and significantly lower than that under N treatment(P<0.05).The global warming potential(GWP)

关 键 词：生物炭 裂解温度 氮肥用量 增温潜势 春玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]