不同有机肥对煤矿复垦土壤磷吸附解吸特性的影响  

Effects of different manures on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of a reclaimed mining soil

作　　者：孙晓东 高文俊[3] 郝鲜俊[1,2] 徐明岗 张杰[1,2] 孟会生[1,2] SUN Xiao-dong;GAO Wen-jun;HAO Xian-jun;XU Ming-gang;ZHANG Jie;MENG Hui-sheng(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第4期677-689,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601327);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123414);山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010-5);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2016ZZ14)。

摘　　要：【目的】石灰性复垦土壤磷素含量极低且易被其他离子吸附固定,严重影响作物的吸收与利用。研究不同有机肥对石灰性复垦土壤磷吸附解吸特征的影响,为加速培肥煤矿复垦土壤提供技术和理论依据。【方法】在山西省孝义市采煤塌陷区进行了4年的定位培肥试验,共设置了6个处理:不施肥、施鸡粪、施猪粪、施牛粪和氮钾肥、施氮磷钾肥。采集各处理土壤样品进行吸附动力学试验,测定复垦土壤磷最大吸附量、最大缓冲容量、吸附饱和度、解吸率,并分析影响磷吸附解吸的关键因素。【结果】采用Langmuir等温吸附方程可以极好地拟合复垦土壤对磷的吸附(R^(2)=0.924~0.992)。复垦年限和施肥处理以及二者的交互作用均对复垦土壤磷吸附解吸产生显著影响。随复垦年限的增加,土壤磷最大吸附量显著降低,而土壤磷吸附饱和度和解吸率显著增加。与复垦第1年相比,复垦第4年各施肥处理的土壤磷最大吸附量降低了12%~26%,土壤磷吸附饱和度增加了218%~885%,土壤磷解吸率增加了86%~118%。与两个化肥处理相比,3种有机肥处理下土壤磷最大吸附量显著降低了30%,最大缓冲容量降低了31%,土壤磷吸附饱和度增加了34%,磷解吸率增加了16%~24%。而且不同有机肥处理间也存在显著差异,有机肥对磷吸附的影响表现为猪粪>鸡粪>牛粪,对磷解吸的影响表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,全磷和有机质是影响磷吸附–解吸的主要因素,贡献率分别为74%和13%(P<0.01)。【结论】施肥可以降低采煤塌陷复垦土壤对磷的吸附,增加磷的解吸能力,同一磷水平下有机肥的影响效果显著好于化肥。土壤对磷的吸附–解吸主要受土壤全磷和有机质含量的影响。在增加土壤磷有效性方面,鸡粪的效果优于猪粪和牛粪。随着施肥年限的增加磷吸附饱和度逐渐增加,建议持续监测土壤磷吸附–解�【Objectives】The reclaimed calcareous soil is extremely low in P,and the applied P is easily immobilized by cations.The effects of various manures on P adsorption and desorption in reclaimed soil were studied to provide a theoretical foundation for rapid soil reclaimation in a mining area.【Methods】A fertilizer field experiment was conducted in a coal mining subsidence reclamation soil located in Xiaoyi City,Shanxi Province for four years,the fertilizer treatments included three manures(chicken,pig,and cow manures)and two chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK),and the no fertilizer control,with the same total P input(100 kg/hm^(2)).The soils were collected from the treatment plots for isothermal adsorption and adsorption incubation experiment.Additionally,the relationship between the soil physico-chemical properties and the characteristic parameters of P adsorption and desorption was examined.【Results】The P adsorption curve was well fitted by the Langmuir equation(R^(2)=0.924−0.992).Both reclamation years and fertilization,and their interaction had significant effects on P adsorption and desorption.As reclamation years increased,the maximum adsorption capacity of P decreased by 12%−26%,while the P adsorption saturation and P desorption rate increased by 218%−885%and 86%−118%,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with chemical fertilizer treatments,the manures reduced the maximum adsorption capacity and buffer capacity of P by 30%and 31%,and increased the adsorption saturation and desorption rate of P by 34%and 16%−24%,respectively.Among the three manure treatments,their effects on P adsorption were in order of pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure,and desorption were in order of chicken manure>pig manure>cow manure.The results of redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that total P and organic matter were the main factors affecting P adsorption and desorption,explaining 74%and 13%of the total variation,respectively(P<0.01).【Conclusions】Fertilization reduced soil P adsorption while increased P desorption capacity,

关 键 词：有机肥 矿区复垦土壤 磷素最大吸附量 磷吸附饱和度 磷解吸率 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]