嗜热复合菌对堆肥品质及微生物群落演替的影响  

Effects of thermophilic compound bacteria on composting and microbial community succession

作　　者：陈倩倩[1] 车建美[1] 刘国红[1] 刘波[1] 王阶平[1] 阮传清[1] 连亨平 CHEN Qian-qian;CHE Jian-mei;LIU Guo-hong;LIU Bo;WANG Jie-ping;RUAN Chuan-qing;LIAN Heng-ping(Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Shunchang Lehuo Laibu Tourism Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanping,Fujian 353100,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所,福建福州350002 [2]福建省顺昌县乐活来布旅游开发有限公司,福建南平353100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第4期745-755,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：福建省公益类科研院所专项(2022R1034006);“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021019-ZYS02);福建省星火计划项目(2020S0052)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究嗜热复合菌对畜禽粪污堆肥理化特性和腐熟度的影响,探讨嗜热菌影响堆肥过程的微生物机制。【方法】堆料由75%羊粪和25%养鸡发酵床垫料构成,初始原料C/N为28,堆料量1.2 t,高度70~90 cm,开放条垛式堆沤。处理组为堆肥添加0.1%嗜热菌B.fordii FJAT-51578和U.thermosphaericus FJAT-51579等比混合的发酵液,对照组为添加1%市售枯草芽孢杆菌堆肥菌剂(Bacillus subtilis)。堆肥时间为2021年9月18日—10月14日,每两天检测1次温度。堆肥前15天,每两天进行一次翻抛,后期每5天进行一次翻抛,保持堆肥含水量50%~60%,直至高温期结束。在堆肥开始后第1、9和26天取堆肥样品,分析氮磷含量、硝化指数和种子发芽指数。结合扩增子测序,分析堆肥细菌群落结构变化,并揭示其主要环境影响因子。采用PICRUSt分析堆肥有效氮和有效磷代谢的微生物机制。【结果】嗜热复合菌添加促进堆肥硝化指数的降低和种子发芽指数的升高,促进堆肥腐熟;堆肥产物碱解氮和有效磷的含量分别比市售菌剂组高11.8%和7.7%。同时,嗜热复合菌的添加改变了细菌群落的分布,降低了堆肥细菌的多样性和丰富度,提高了糖单胞菌、链霉菌和嗜热葡萄孢菌等降解菌的丰度。RDA分析表明,pH和C/N是影响堆肥微生物群落多样性的主要因素,碱解氮与芽孢杆菌和糖单胞菌属丰度正相关,有效磷与嗜热裂孢菌、直丝菌属和马杜拉放线菌属丰度正相关。氮、磷代谢相关京都基因和基因组百科全书同源基因(KO)的PICRUSt分析显示,微生物氮磷循环相关KO的丰度随着堆肥进程均有所增加。添加嗜热菌剂提高了氨化、铵同化、硝酸盐同化、同化/异化硝酸盐还原等氮循环相关KO,及无机磷溶解、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶等磷循环相关KO。【结论】在畜禽粪污堆肥中添加嗜热复合菌剂加快并延长了高温期,降低了C/N,提高了堆肥中碱解氮【Objectives】To reveal the impact of thermophilic compound bacteria on the composting of chicken manure and sheep manure,and explore the microbial mechanism in composting process.【Methods】The compost was composed of 75%sheep manure and 25%chicken ferment mattress.The initial material C/N was 28,the compost amount was 1.2 t,the height was 70–90 cm.The open windrow composting technique was used in this experiment.The treatment group added 0.1%of B.fordii FJAT-51578 and U.thermosphaericus FJAT-51579 fermentation broth,while the control group added 1%commercially available Bacillus subtilis.The composting period was from September 18 to October 14,2021,and the temperature was tested once every two days.Turn the composting materials every two days for the first 15 days of composting,and every 5 days in the later period.The water content of compost was kept 50%-60%until the end of the high temperature period.Compost samples were collected at the 1st,9th and 26th days after composting,the changes in the physicochemical characteristics including N and P content,nitrification index,and germination index of seed were monitored.Microbial succession was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing,and the main environmental factors were explained by RDA(redundancy analysis).Further,the microbial mechanism of available N and available P metabolism in composting was predicted by PICRUSt(Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States).【Results】The application of microbial agent enhanced the composting rate.The addition of thermophilic compound bacteria minimized initial lag time,reduced the nitrification index and C/N,increased germination index,which promoted compost maturity.In addition,the contents of available N and P were 11.8%and 7.7%higher than those in commercially agents group,respectively.Moreover,higher relative content of Saccharomonospora,Streptomyces and Thermostaphylospora was observed in the treatment group.The RDA analysis showed that,pH and C/N were the main factors affecting

关 键 词：嗜热复合菌 微生物菌剂 细菌多样性 好氧堆肥 功能预测 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]