不同滴灌施肥模式对切花菊生物量、品质和养分吸收的影响  

Effects of different drip fertigation regimes on yield,quality and nutrient uptake of cut chrysanthemum

作　　者：杨可鑫 赵鑫[1,2] 葛红[1,2] 杨树华[1] 贾瑞冬[1] 寇亚平[1] YANG Ke-xin;ZHAO Xin;GE Hong;YANG Shu-hua;JIA Rui-dong;KOU Ya-ping(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Beijing 100081,China;Sanya National Academy of Southern Propagation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第4期777-788,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD1001500);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021DNY129);现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(BAIC09-2022);农业农村部花卉生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目(北方)。

摘　　要：【目的】切花菊生产中普遍存在施肥过量和施肥方式不当的问题,通过比较4种施肥处理对切花菊形态指标、品质和养分吸收的影响,筛选最适切花菊生产的施肥体系,为切花菊减肥增效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以切花菊‘白扇’为试材,设置分别在智能水肥一体化机设备和施肥罐机器下,追施水溶肥7次(S1、S2)和追施4次(T1、T2)4个处理,每次追肥量相同(75 kg/hm^(2))。在定植后35、62和85天,调查切花菊农艺指标、花部性状、植株氮磷钾含量及土壤氮磷钾含量。【结果】与施肥罐机器施肥(S2、T2处理)相比,定植62天时,采用智能水肥一体化机设备施肥(S1、T1处理)提高了切花菊的株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重和地下干重,T1处理的效果又好于S1处理;定植85天时,T1处理切花菊株高高于S2和T2处理,花径和出花率与S1和S2处理无显著差异。定植35天时,T1处理的植株钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植62天时,T1处理植株茎叶中磷、钾含量高于其他3个处理;定植85天时,T1处理植株根中的磷、钾含量均最高。T1处理也增加了定植62和85天后土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。【结论】采用智能水肥一体化机设备条件下,将追施肥次数由7次减至4次,施肥量由525 kg/hm^(2)降低到375 kg/hm^(2),改善了切花菊‘白扇’的农艺性状和花部性状,促进了植株对养分的吸收利用,并提高了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,而使用施肥罐机器的减肥增效效果不明显。因此,切花菊生产中应推广利用智能水肥一体化机设备,以实现减肥增效。【Objectives】Excessive fertilization is common in the production of cut chrysanthemum.We studied the possibility of reducing fertilizer application regime in cut chrysanthemum production using automatic drip fertigation system and the traditional fertilizer tank machine.【Methods】Microplot experiment was conducted using cut chrysanthemum cultivar‘Iwanohakusen’as the test material.The four treatments were topdressing 4 and 7 times using drip fertigation equipment(T1 and S1),and fertilizer tank machine(T2,S2),with the same fertilizer rate per topdressing(75 kg/hm^(2))in each topdressing.At the 35,62,and 85 days after transplanting,the agronomic and flower indexes,and plant NPK contents of cut chrysanthemum were determined,and the available NPK contents in soil were analyzed at 85 days.【Results】Compared with fertilization tank treatment(S2 and T2),the fertigation equipment treatment(S1 and T1)recorded higher plant height,stem diameter,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground dry weight,underground fresh weight,and underground dry weight of cut chrysanthemum at 62 days,while T1 improved the plant height,aboveground and underground fresh weight of the chrysanthemum than S1.At 85 days,T1 recorded higher plant height than S2 and T2 but similar flower diameter and flowering rate as S1 and S2.T1 also recorded the highest plant K content at 35 days,the highest P and K contents in stems,leaves at 62 days,and the highest root P and K contents at 85 days.Further,T1 significantly increased the contents of available P and readily available K contents in soil at 62 and 85 days.【Conclusions】Using fertigation equipment,reducing topdressing from 7 times to 4 times,i.e.,reducing fertilizer rate from 525 kg/hm^(2) to 375 kg/hm^(2),improves the agronomic and flower traits of cut chrysanthemum‘Iwanohakusen’,promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the plant,and increases the available P and readily available K contents in soil,however,using fertilizer tank machine does not have the effect.Therefore,auto

关 键 词：切花菊 水肥一体化设备 施肥罐 追肥次数 化肥减量 鲜花品质 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]