民国时期拉卜楞藏族妇女婚姻与家庭因素的调查分析  

On Tibetan Women,Marriage and Families in Labrang,Gansu during the Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：柳德军 LIU Dejun(School of History and Culture,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,Shannxi 710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期25-33,共9页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金重大项目“抗战时期西北国际通道资料整理及研究”阶段性成果,项目号:19ZDA218。

摘　　要：婚姻既是人类生活的重要组成部分,亦是特定历史时代和社会场景的生动写真。地处万山之中的拉卜楞,时至近代仍然落后而贫穷,佛教的鼎盛及其藏族男子多数入寺为僧,造成该地男女比例的不平衡,于是生产生活之重担亦托付于藏族妇女之肩身。拉卜楞藏族妇女勤劳乐观的精神赢得了藏族社会的尊重,佛教的“转世”学说为藏族妇女的独立和平等提供了宗教认同,母系父系并存的社会形态为其妇女的财产继承提供了法理承认。特殊的人文地理环境形成了拉卜楞地区独特的婚姻与家庭,它的产生既与民国时期拉卜楞高原草地牧民的生存环境相辅相成,亦与拉卜楞地区佛教势力的鼎盛及其女多男少的人口现状不可剥分。尽管民国时期拉卜楞藏族妇女的婚姻依然有原始和落后的成分,但相较于近代中国内地乡村妇女的婚姻无疑更接近人性和文明。随着社会的进步和教育的普及,拉卜楞藏族婚姻中一些原始而消极的成分必将在现代化的进程中得到改良和革新。Marriage is not only an important part of human life,but also a vivid portrait of a particular historical era and social scene.Located in the mountains,Labrang was still backward and poor in modern times.The pros⁃perity of Buddhism and the majority of Tibetan men leaving for temples and monasteries to be monks had caused the imbalance in the ratio of men to women in this area.Therefore,the burden of production and livelihood was also placed on the shoulders of the Tibetan women there.The hardworking and optimistic spirit of the Tibetan women in Labrang had won the respect of the Tibetan society.The Buddhist concept of"reincarnation"provided the religious recognition for the independence and equality of Tibetan women,and the co-existence of the matri⁃lineal and patrilineal social systems provided the legal recognition for the property inheritance of the women.The special cultural and geographical environment had formed the unique marriage and families in Labrang,which not only made up for the living environment of herdsmen in the grassland of Labrang plateau during the period of the Republic of China,but also could not be separated from the prosperity of Buddhism and the demographic sit⁃uation of more women than men in Labrang.Although the marriage of the Tibetan women in Labrang during the period of the Republic of China was still primitive and backward,it was undoubtedly more more humane and civi⁃lized than that of the rural women in inland China.With the progress of society and the popularization of educa⁃tion,some primitive and negative elements of the Labrang Tibetan marriage are bound to be improved and re⁃formed in the process of modernization.

关 键 词：民国时期 拉卜楞 藏族妇女 婚姻 家庭 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]