烘烤期烟叶霉烂病生防菌株的筛选与应用  

Screening and Application of Biocontrol Strains Against Mildew and Rot of Tobacco Leaves During the Curing Period

作　　者：尚海丽 杨发祥 华小兵 郭山虎 赵崇钧 盘文政 李诚 赵学通 张琪 肖勇飞 朱永立 张志红 李荣海 SHANG Haili;YANG Faxiang;HUA Xiaobing;GUO Shanhu;ZHAO Chongjun;PAN Wenzheng;LI Cheng;ZHAO Xuetong;ZHANG Qi;XIAO Yongfei;ZHU Yongli;ZHANG Zhihong;LI Ronghai(Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650217;Yunnan Yunye Chemical Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650217;China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司,云南昆明650217 [2]云南云叶化肥股份有限公司,云南昆明650217 [3]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第5期52-57,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南中烟工业有限责任公司烟草农业示范与推广科技项目“清甜香润高端核心主料定制化技术集成与应用”(KY2020JD0009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明烘烤期烟叶霉烂病生防功能菌株的种类及其防治效果,为高效、安全防治烟叶霉烂病,提高烟叶安全性提供理论依据。【方法】采用共培养方法,筛选能够明显抑制烟叶霉烂病病原菌米根霉生长的生防菌,制备不同浓度梯度的菌剂,研究其对烘烤期烟叶霉烂病的防治效果。【结果】从15株生防菌株中筛选出4株对米根霉有拮抗作用的生防菌,其抑菌圈直径(抑菌效果)为0.94~3.03 cm,表现为YWF-17-0001(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)>YWF-17-0011(枯草芽孢杆菌)>YWF-17-0005(胶质芽孢杆菌)>YWF-17-0006(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)。其中,菌株YWF-17-0001抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈直径达3.03 cm。菌株YWF-17-0001室内喷施浓度为10^(5)cfu/mL时对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果为95.14%,浓度为107 cfu/mL时的防治效果达100%;烟叶烘烤前用YWF-17-0001菌液1.5×10^(5)~1.5×10^(6)cfu/mL喷施或浸泡烟柄,对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果在98%以上,能够有效防控烘烤期烟叶霉烂病。【结论】解淀粉芽孢杆菌YWF-17-0001对烟叶霉烂病具有良好的防控效果和应用前景。【Objective】The species and control effect of biocontrol strains against mildew and rot of tobacco leaves during the curing period are explored to provide the theoretical basis for efficient and safety control of tobacco mildew and rot.【Method】The biocontrol bacteria with the obvious inhibition effect against Rhizopus oryzae causing mildew and rot of tobacco are screened by a co-culture method.The control effect of the screened bacteria with different concentration gradient against tobacco mildew and rot during the curing period is studied.【Result】The diameter of inhibition zone of 4 biocontrol strains with the antagonistic effect against R.oryzae screened from 15 biocontrol strains is 0.94~3.03 cm and the inhibition effect of 4 screened strains against R.oryzae is YWF-17-0001(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)>YWF-17-0011(Bacillus subtilis)>YWF-17-0005(Bacillus mucilaginosus)>YWF-17-0006(B.amyloliquefaciens).Strain YWF-17-0001 has the best bacteriostatic effect against R.oryzae among 4 strains and the diameter of inhibition zone reaches 3.03 cm.The control effect of strain YWF-17-0001 with 10^(5)cfu/mL and 107 cfu/mL concentration against R.oryzae in doors reaches 95.14%and 100%respectively.The control effect against R.oryzae of tobacco leaves sprayed with 1.5×10^(5)~1.5×10^(6)cfu/mL of YWF-17-0001 bacterium solution or tobacco petioles soaked in 1.5×10^(5)~1.5×10^(6)cfu/mL of YWF-17-0001 bacterium solution before the curing is above 98%.Spraying strain YWF-17-0001 bacterium solution with 1.5×10^(5)~1.5×10^(6)cfu/mL concentration can control tobacco mildew and rot during the curing period effectively.【Conclusion】Strain YWF-17-0001 has the good prevention and control effect against R.oryzae and application prospect in tobacco industry.

关 键 词：烟叶 烘烤 霉烂病 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 胶质芽孢杆菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]