滇中地区核桃枝枯病病原菌与主栽品种抗病性的鉴定  

Identification of Pathogen Causing Walnut Branch Rot and Resistance of Main Walnut Cultivars to Branch Rot in Central Yunnan

作　　者：姬靖捷 陈健鑫 魏玉倩 刘乐荷 伍建榕[1,2] 马晓庆 朱继芬 JI Jingjie;CHEN Jianxin;WEI Yuqian;LIU Lehe;WU Jianrong;MA Xiaoqing;ZHU Jifen(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in the Southwest Region,National Forestry Administration,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224;Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Early Warning Control in Higher Education,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224;Songming Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Songming,Yunnan 651700,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学国家林业局西南地区生物多样性保育重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学云南省高校森林灾害预警控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]云南省昆明市嵩明县林业与草原局,云南嵩明651700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第5期58-63,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“墨兰菌根真菌多样性与根腐病发生的抑病机理研究”(31860208);国家重点研发计划项目“主要经济作物重要及新成灾病害绿色综合防控技术”(2019YFD100200X)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明滇中地区核桃枝枯病的病原菌种类,为抗性主栽核桃品种选育及核桃枝枯病防治提供依据。【方法】采用组织分离、柯赫氏试验与形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法,对采自滇中核桃产区的核桃枝枯病病原进行分离培养与鉴定,并通过菌饼刺伤接种活体枝条的方法研究滇中地区7个核桃主栽品种(漾濞核桃、三台核桃及云新高原等)对致病菌株的抗性。【结果】成功分离得到致病菌株DZHT113,其在PDA培养基上培养7 d后菌落平均直径为5.6~6.1 cm;分生孢子器圆球形,具孔口,器外壁光滑或有菌丝附着;分生孢子橄榄球形,无隔,多数具2个油球,大小为(4.8~6.7)μm×(2.3~2.9)μm;NaOH颜色反应呈黄绿色。目标病原菌接种健康核桃枝条可引起枝条枯死,发病初期,枝条出现红褐色或紫褐色病斑,后期病部密生红褐色或黑色点状物,为病原菌的分生孢子器。果实受害后亦产生红褐色至黑褐色点状物。结合该病菌形态特征、分子鉴定及柯赫氏试验结果确定菌株DZHT113为菜豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis phaseoli),将其分别接种漾濞核桃、漾江1号及云新云林等7个云南核桃主栽品种的健康枝条,7 d后不同品种对菌株的敏感性表现存在显著差异,漾濞核桃、漾江1号、云新云林和云新高原等核桃品种相对抗病,而三台核桃、昌宁细香核桃及新疆核桃相对感病。【结论】滇中地区核桃枝枯病由菜豆拟茎点霉(P.phaseoli)引起;当地核桃主栽品种漾濞核桃、漾江1号、云新云林和云新高原相对抗病,而三台核桃、昌宁细香核桃及新疆核桃相对感病。【Objective】The pathogenic fungus species of walnut branch rot are explored to provide the scientific basis for resistance breeding and branch rot control of main walnut cultivars in Central Yunnan.【Method】The pathogens causing walnut branch rot from walnut productive areas,Central Yunnan are isolated and identified by tissue isolation,Koch’s test,morphological and molecular biological identification methods.The resistance of 7 main walnut cultivars to the identified pathogenic strain causing walnut branch rot is determined through the inoculum of mycelia discs on live branches wounded by needle.【Result】Strain DZHT113 causing walnut branch rot is successfully isolated.The average colony diameter of strain DZHT113 cultured on PDA medium for 7 d is 5.6-6.1 cm.The extine of spherosome pycnidium with ostioles is smooth or adhering hypha.The size of two oil balls of the olivary conidium without septa is(4.8-6.7)μm×(2.3-2.9)μm.The color reaction of two oil balls to NaOH is yellow green.The health walnut branches inoculated with strain DZHT113 wither and die.The branches appear bronzing or puce disease spots at early disease stage and bronzing or black dotted substances(pycnidia of pathogenic fungus)at later disease stage.The walnut fruits infected with Phomopsis phaseoli appear bronzing to black dotted substances.Strain DZHT113 is identified as P.phaseoli by its morphological characteristics,molecular identification and Koch’s test,There are significant differences in the sensibility to strain DZHT113 among 7 walnut cultivars when their health branches are inoculated with P.phaseoli for 7 d.Yangbi,Yangjiang 1,Yunxinyunlin and Yunxingaoyuan cultivars have the relative resistance to walnut branch rot but Santai,Changningxixiang and Xinjiang walnut cultivars have the relative susceptibility to walnut branch rot.【Conclusion】The walnut branch rot is caused by P.phaseoli in Central Yunnan.The local cultivars of Yangbi,Yangjiang 1,Yunxinyunlin and Yunxingaoyuan have the relative resistance to walnut bran

关 键 词：核桃枝枯病 病原鉴定 菜豆拟茎点霉 品种抗性 滇中 

分 类 号：S463.3[农业科学—植物保护]