消毒与除沙不同频次组合对五龄大蚕期家蚕生长的影响  

Effect of Different Frequency Combinations of Disinfection and Litter Cleaning on Growth of Silkworm at 5th Instar

作　　者：张智勇 刘俊凤[1] 粟思源 胡春梅[1] 向文丽 吴建梅[1] 刘彬斌[1] ZHANG Zhiyong;LIU Junfeng;SU Siyuan;HU Chunmei;XIANG Wenli;WU Jianmei;LIU Binbin(Sericultural Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000;Nansilu Group Co.,Ltd.,Ningnan,Sichuan 615400,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,四川南充637000 [2]四川省宁南县南丝路集团公司,四川宁南615400

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第5期64-74,共11页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：南充市科技计划项目“家蚕三眠蚕品种改良及其高效配套技术的研究”(21YFZJ0092);四川蚕桑创新团队“特种蚕品种资源与遗传育种研究岗位”(sccxtd-2023-17);四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关(1+9KJGG004);四川省“十四五”农作物及家畜育种攻关项目(2021YFY20024);四川省桑蚕品种种质资源共享服务平台。

摘　　要：【目的】探明消毒与除沙次数最优组合对五龄大蚕期家蚕生长的影响,筛选适宜的大蚕期省力化饲育技术,为家蚕新品种选育、品种资源保护及生产应用提供理论参考。【方法】以天然彩色茧蚕品种蜀黄1号为试材,研究不同处理(T_(1),不除沙+每天消毒;T_(2),不除沙+隔天消毒;T_(3),不除沙+仅眠起时消毒;T_(4),隔天除沙+每天消毒;T_(5),隔天除沙+隔天消毒;T_(6),隔天除沙+仅眠起时消毒;T_(7),每天除沙+每天消毒;T_(8),每天除沙+隔天消毒;T_(9),每天除沙+仅眠起时消毒)对家蚕五龄蚕期人工耗时与万蚕产茧量、五龄病蚕率、全茧量等9个饲育指标及解舒率、茧丝长、洁净等7个茧丝质指标的影响,在此基础上选择7个主要性状指标进行主成分分析。【结果】春季5盒蚕种平均每天人工耗时为6.69~17.18 h/d,秋季为5.43~14.58 h/d,除沙、消毒次数与人工耗时呈明显正比关系;春季和秋季人工耗时均以T_(3)最短,T_(2)其次,T_(7)最长,各处理间差异显著。相同消毒处理下,除沙次数越多,五龄病蚕率、簇中死笼率越高,全茧量和万蚕产茧量越低;相同除沙处理下,消毒次数越多,全茧量及纤度越低,解舒率每天消毒的最低。春季主成分综合得分为83.90~97.40分,表现为T_(6)>T_(3)>T_(9)>T_(2)>T_(5)>T_(1)>T_(4)>T_(7)>T_(8);秋季主成分综合得分为61.50~75.90分,表现为T_(7)>T_(6)>T_(8)>T_(1)>T_(3)>T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(4)>T_(9)。【结论】五龄大蚕春季消毒/除沙频次的最优组合为隔天除沙+仅起蚕消毒,最差的组合是每天除沙+隔天消毒;秋季的最优组合为每天除沙+每天消毒,最差的组合为每天除沙+仅起蚕消毒。春季气候、饲料条件较好,除沙、消毒次数越少越好;秋季高温多湿、饲料差,应勤除沙且多用石灰消毒排湿。【Objective】The suitable labor-saving rearing technique of grown silkworm is screened by exploring the effect of the optimal combination of disinfection time and litter cleaning time on growth of the fifth-instar silkworm to provide the theoretical basis for breeding of new silkworm varieties,conservation of silkworm germplasm resources and production and application.【Method】The effects of different treatments[no litter cleaning+daily disinfection(T_(1)),no litter cleaning+disinfection every other day(T_(2)),no litter cleaning+only disinfection at molting stage(T_(3)),litter cleaning every other day+daily disinfection(T_(4)),litter cleaning every other day+disinfection every other day(T_(5)),litter cleaning every other day+only disinfection at molting stage(T_(6)),daily litter cleaning+daily disinfection(T_(7)),daily litter cleaning+disinfection every other day(T_(8))and daily litter cleaning+only disinfection at molting stage(T_(9))]on 9 rearing indexes and 7 cocoon and silk quality indexes of the fifth instar grown silkworm are studied by taking Shuhuang 1,a silkworm variety with natural color,as the study object.And 7 main principal traits indexes are chosen for principal component analysis.【Result】The average daily time-consuming of five boxes of silkworm eggs is 6.69-17.18 h/d in spring and 5.43-14.58 h/d in autumn.The litter cleaning and disinfection times are positively related to artificial time-consuming.The artificial time-consuming of T_(3)in spring and autumn is the shortest,followed by T_(2).The artificial time-consuming of T_(7)in spring and autumn is the longest.There are significant differences in artificial time-consuming among different treatments.Under the same disinfection treatment,the diseased rate and dead cocoon rate of the fifth instar grown silkworm both increase with increase of litter cleaning times and the cocoon weight and cocoon weight per 10000 larvae both reduce with increase of litter cleaning times.Under the same litter cleaning treatment,the more the disinfection tim

关 键 词：蚕 五龄蚕 除沙次数 消毒次数 省力化养蚕 主成分综合评价 

分 类 号：S883[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]