家蚕春制越年种延期冷藏的孵化率  

Hatching Rate of Spring-produced and Over-wintering Silkworm Eggs Under the Delayed Refrigeration Condition

作　　者：欧阳桂 郭会朵 刘明珠 钱荷英[1,2] OUYANG Gui;GUO Huiduo;LIU Mingzhu;QIAN Heying(College of Biotechnology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212100;Sericultural Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212018,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学生物技术学院,江苏镇江212100 [2]中国农业科学院蚕业研究所,江苏镇江212018

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第5期75-84,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-18);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2020418)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明家蚕春制越年种延期冷藏的孵化率,为蚕种过剩时合理制定家蚕的保种及饲养方案提供科学依据。【方法】选择2020年春制种370个,常规冷藏至2021年6月22日出库催青,探究其越年种延期冷藏的孵化率。【结果】370份蚕种最高孵化率为88.00%,最低孵化率为0,平均孵化率仅30.30%;其中,孵化率<10.00%的品种数最多,为100个,占总数的27.03%;孵化率大于60.00%的品种仅有28个,占总数的7.57%。从品种类别看,7个各类别的平均孵化率依次为欧系一化种(45.03%)>中系二化种(29.07%)>地方一化种(28.71%)>日系二化种(28.38%)>地方二化种(26.03%)>中系一化种(25.61%)>日系一化种(24.10%);变异系数依次为欧系一化种(61.16%)<日系二化种(73.23%)<地方一化种(75.04%)<中系二化种(77.21%)<日系一化种(85.08%)<中系一化种(88.06%)<地方二化种(89.33%)。从实用价值看,春制越后平均孵化率依次为一化四眠种>二化四眠种>三眠蚕。【结论】不同类别蚕种以欧系一化种的孵化率最高,地方品种的遗传多样性较丰富;春制越年种采用单式冷藏法冷藏至6月下旬后整体孵化率大幅降低,孵化率大于60.00%的品种仅占总数的7.57%,蚕种最好在春季使用,单式冷藏的春制越年种不宜延迟至夏季饲养。【Objective】The effect of delayed refrigeration on hatching rate of Spring-produced and Over-wintering Silkworm eggs is explored to provide the scientific basis for reasonably formulating the breed conservation and raising scheme of silkworm when the silkworm eggs are surplus.【Method】370 silkworm eggs produced in spring in 2020 ware stored under the conventional refrigeration conditions until 22,June 2021 and then the hatching rate of the silkworm hibernating eggs is analysed.【Result】The highest,lowest and average hatching rate is 88.00%,0 and 30.30%in 370 silkworm varieties respectively.100 silkworm varieties with<10.00%hatching rate account for 27.03%of 370 silkworm germplasm resources.28 silkworm varieties with>60.00%hatching rate account for 7.57%of 370 silkworm germplasm resources.The average hatching rate of silkworm hibernating eggs of 7 categories is Europe univoltine species(45.03%)>Chinese bivoltine species(29.07%)>local univoltine species(28.71%)>Japanese bivoltine species(28.38%)>local bivoltine species(26.03%)>Chinese univoltine species(25.61%)>Japanese univoltine species(24.10%).The variable coefficient is Europe univoltine species(61.16%)<Japanese bivoltine species(73.23%)<local univoltine species(75.04%)<Chinese bivoltine species(77.21%)<Japanese univoltine species(85.08%)<Chinese univoltine species(88.06%)<local bivoltine species(89.33%).The average hatching rate of silkworm hibernating eggs produced in spring is univoltine tetramolter>bivoltine tetramolter>trimolter.【Conclusion】The hatching rate of Europe univoltine species is the highest among 7 silkworm categories.There is rich in genetic diversity in local silkworm varieties.The overall hatching rate of silkworm hibernating eggs produced in spring stored under the single refrigeration condition until the last ten-day period of June is dramatically reduced.The silkworm varieties with>60.00%hatching rate account for 7.57%of 370 silkworm germplasm resources.The silkworm eggs should be used in spring.The silkworm hibernating eggs p

关 键 词：家蚕 种质资源 越年种 延期冷藏 孵化率 储藏 

分 类 号：S882.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]