男女有别:中国人名字中的性别倾向及其变迁  

Are Men's and Women's Names Different?The Gender Orientation of Chinese Names and Its Change

作　　者：许琪[1] 陈默闻 曹云鹤 XU Qi;CHEN Mowen;CAO Yunhe

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,210023

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2023年第3期50-60,共11页Journal of China Women＇s University

摘　　要：名字既是传递性别信息的重要载体,又蕴含着所属时代的性别文化特征。使用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,发现中国人的名字表现出明显的性别分化,但这种分化在1978年改革开放之后有所减弱。随着时间的推移,女性名字同时出现了中性化和男性化的趋势,而男性名字只是出现了中性化趋势,且在中性化的速度上慢于女性。中国社会文化包容性的增强和性别观念的进步是推动名字性别倾向变迁的重要因素。但另一方面,名字的性别倾向也深受男孩偏好和儿女双全等传统生育偏好的影响。在生育率下降的背景下,家庭的实际生育状况与生育偏好不符是推动名字性别倾向变迁的重要原因。Name is not only an important carrier of gender information,but also contains the gender cultural norm of the era.Using the data of 2005 National 1%Population Sample Survey in China,this study finds that Chinese names show a clear gender divide,but this divide has weakened since the reform and opening up in 1978.Women's names became both desexualized and masculine,while men's names only became desexualized and at a slower rate than that of women's.On one hand,the changing gender orientation of Chinese names is due to the enhancement of cultural inclusiveness and the development of gender norm.However,on the other hand,the gender orientation of names is also strongly impacted by traditional reproductive preferences,such as the preference for boys and for both sons and daughters.With the decline of fertility rate,the inconsistency between family's actual fertility status and fertility preference becomes more and more acute,which is an important reason for the change of gender orientation of Chinese names.

关 键 词：男性名 女性名 中性名 性别本质主义 

分 类 号：C913.13[经济管理]