锡矿床研究现状及发展趋势  

Current progress and development trend of the research on tin deposits

作　　者：毛景文[1,2,3] 宋世伟 刘鹏 刘敏 赵盼捞[2] 袁顺达 MAO JingWen;SONG ShiWei;LIU Peng;LIU Min;ZHAO PanLao;YUAN ShunDa(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory&Technology of Critical Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [2]自然资源部战略性金属矿产找矿理论与技术重点实验室,中国地质大学,北京100083 [3]河北地质大学,石家庄050031 [4]西北大学地质学系,大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西安710069

出　　处：《岩石学报》2023年第5期1233-1240,共8页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41820104010)资助.

摘　　要：锡矿属于世界各国所列出的关键矿产,其成因通常是与高分异、还原性、来自于上地壳变泥质沉积岩重熔形成的钛铁矿系列花岗质岩石有关。在复式岩体中往往出现在最晚阶段岩体的内外接触带。其成矿环境包括大陆碰撞环境、俯冲环境、后俯冲环境和大陆内部裂谷环境,局部可见弧后地区锡矿带与活动大陆边缘斑岩铜矿带平行分布(例如,南美、我国东南沿海和缅甸中东部)。近年来,随着锡石、黑钨矿和白钨矿等以及其它副矿物U-Pb测年技术的发展,不断地助推深化了区域成矿规律认识。LA-ICP-MS原位单个流体/熔体包裹体成分分析、阴极发光显微成像技术、锡石fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS原位锡同位素和SIMS原位氧同位素等技术的开发和应用,极大地提升了锡矿成矿机制的研究程度,并在厘定花岗岩体内外接触带的锡矿与外围铅锌银矿的成因联系,揭示成矿系统的形成过程中发挥了重要作用。文中指出锡成矿作用研究中存在的五个值得探索的科学问题,提出矿床学研究务必服务找矿勘查,提高找矿效率。Tin deposits are important mineral resources with much attention and currently tin is regarded as a critical metal in many countries.In general,tin deposits are genetically related to highly-fractionated reduced(ilmenite-series)granitoids which were derived from remelting of metapelitic sedimentary rocks.Tin mineralization can form at contact of late-stage intrusion in a composed granite intrusions.Metallogenic environments of tin deposits mainly include continental collision,subduction,post-subduction,and continental rift.Partly,tin and porphyry copper metallogenic belts can form parallelly in the back-arc and continental-margin settings,respectively(e.g.,South America,Southeast Coast of China,and central-eastern Myanmar).In recent years,with the development of dating techniques of cassiterite,wolframite,scheelite,and other accessory minerals,significant progress of metallogenic regularity has been achieved.The development and application of LA-ICP-MS analysis of melt and fluid inclusions,cathodoluminescence,and fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS in-situ tin and SIMS oxygen isotopes of cassiterite have effectively promoted the research progress of tin mineralization.In particular,these techniques played important roles in identifying the relationship between tin deposits and lead-zinc-silver deposits in the contact and far contact zone of granitic intrusions and revealing processes of mineral systems.This study proposes five scientific questions on the tin-mineralization study to be further addressed and also suggests the research of ore deposits should be useful for exploration to enhance the efficiency.

关 键 词：锡矿床 高分异花岗岩 微区分析 成矿模型 

分 类 号：P588.121[天文地球—岩石学] P618.44[天文地球—地质学]