燕麦草捆和草块对彭波半细毛羊采食行为及生产性能的影响  

Effects of oat hay and oat cubes on feeding behavior and production performance of Pengbo semi-fine wool sheep

作　　者：王梓凡 张晓庆[1] 钟志明[2] 权欣 WANG Zi-fan;ZHANG Xiao-qing;ZHONG Zhi-ming;QUAN Xin(Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Beijing 100101,China;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西咸阳712100

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第5期171-179,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N);西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202001ZY0037N);西藏自治区中央引导地方项目(XZ202201YD0031C)资助。

摘　　要：为解析饲喂燕麦干草和草块对彭波半细毛羊采食行为和生产性能的影响,将1岁左右、体重相近的12只彭波半细毛羊,按组间平均体重无差异的原则均分为2组,每组6只羊,公母各半。其中一组饲喂不经任何加工的燕麦干草捆(OH组,对照),另一组饲喂燕麦草块(OC组)。两组羊10月每日饲喂0.10 kg·只^(-1)商业羊用精饲料补充料,11月增加至每日0.26 kg·只^(-1)。试验期为60 d,其中预试期为10 d,正试期为50 d。试验期间,观测两组羊的采食行为、采食量和体重。饲养试验结束后,试验羊全部屠宰并测定屠宰性能。结果表明:1)两处理彭波半细毛羊对精饲料采食时间没有显著差异(P>0.05),但草块组的粗饲料和总采食时间显著少于草捆组(P<0.001);草块组采食率显著高于草捆组(84.04%vs.79.65%;P<0.001),10月采食率(85.29%)显著高于11月(78.79%;P<0.001);休息时间在两组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但草块组的反刍时间(581.25 min·d^(-1))显著多于草捆组(506.67 min·d^(-1);P<0.001);试验处理对咀嚼频率、反刍食团数和反刍周期无显著影响(P>0.05),但10月反刍食团数(558.50次·d^(-1))显著大于11月(445.67次·d^(-1);P=0.009)。2)草块组的总干物质采食量及粗蛋白质、中性和酸性洗涤纤维采食量均显著高于草捆组(P=0.001);季节显著影响干物质采食量(P<0.001),气温每降低1℃,每只羊的干物质采食量增加0.01 kg·d^(-1)(R^(2)=0.432,P=0.001)。3)在生产性能方面,各组的期末体重、料重比、宰前活重、胴体重均无显著差异(P>0.05),但草块组的平均日增重为117.50 g·d^(-1),显著高于草捆组的98.77 g·d^(-1)(P=0.048)。以上结果说明,燕麦草块饲喂彭波半细毛羊可显著延长反刍时间,并显著提高采食效率和干物质采食量及日增重,但对产肉力无显著影响。综合来看,燕麦草块在彭波半细毛羊养殖中的应用效果优于燕麦干草捆。This study explored the effects feeding oat(Avena sativa)hay and oat cubes on the feeding behavior and production performance of Pengbo semi-fine wool sheep.Twelve Pengbo semi-fine wool sheep that were about 1 year old and had a similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups of six sheep(three male,three female).One group was fed with unprocessed oat hay(OH,control),and the other group was fed with oat cubes(OC).Animals in the two groups were fed with a commercial concentrate at a rate of 0.10 kg·head^(-1)per day in October,increasing to 0.26 kg·head^(-1)per day in November.The experiment duration was 60 days,and consisted of a 10-day feed adaptation period and a 50-day formal experiment period.During the experiment,the feeding behavior,feed intake,and body weight of the two groups of sheep were measured.At the end of the experiment,all sheep were slaughtered to measure various performance indexes.The results showed that:1)There was no significant difference in concentrate intake time between the two groups(P>0.05),but the roughage and total feed intake time was significantly shorter in the OC group than in the OH group(P<0.001).The feeding rate was significantly higher in the OC group(84.04%)than in the OH group(79.65%,P<0.001).The feeding rate was significantly higher in October(85.29%)than in November(78.79%,P<0.001).The rest time did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05),but the rumination time was longer in the OC group(581.25 min·d^(-1))than in the OH group(506.67 min·d−1;P<0.001).The chewing rate,number of rumination boli,and rumination cycle did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05),but the number of rumination boli was significantly higher in October(558.50 No·d^(-1))than in November(445.67 No·d^(-1);P=0.009).2)Compared with the OH group,the OC group had higher intake of total dry matter,crude protein,and neutral and acid detergent fiber(P=0.001).Season had a significant effect on the dry matter intake of the sheep(P<0.001);for each 1℃drop in air t

关 键 词：燕麦 草块 饲草加工方式 采食行为 生产性能 

分 类 号：S826.5[农业科学—畜牧学]