非氧化物陶瓷纤维的研究进展  

Research progress of non-oxide ceramic fibers

作　　者：赵来江 胡锦健 代鑫 郑建英 白文魁 付云勇 高雅丽 ZHAO Laijiang;HU Jinjian;DAI Xin;ZHENG Jianying;BAI Wenkui;FU Yunyong;GAO Yali(Ningxia Ruyi Technology Fashion Industry Co.,Ltd.,Helan 750200;Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048)

机构地区：[1]宁夏如意科技时尚产业有限公司,宁夏贺兰750200 [2]西安工程大学,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2023年第2期62-66,共5页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：简述了非氧化物陶瓷纤维的分类及特点。综述了各类非氧化物陶瓷纤维的国内外研究现状及技术难点。其中,碳化物陶瓷纤维具有产业化优势,今后需大力发展低氧含量、近化学计量比、高结晶结构类陶瓷纤维;硼化物陶瓷纤维具有耐超高温、抗氧化性优异等独特优势,但存在烧结性差,断裂韧性偏低的不足,而采用先进的烧结技术(热压、闪电烧结和火花等离子体烧结)是一条可行的途径;氮化物陶瓷纤维具有结构功能一体化的优势,目前的研究仍处于实验室研究水平,规模化应用比较困难。展望了非氧化物陶瓷纤维未来的重点发展方向,认为低氧含量、近化学计量比、高结晶结构、良好的机械性能、结构功能一体化将是非氧化物陶瓷纤维未来的发展重点。The classification and characteristics of non-oxide ceramic fibers were briefly described.The current China and international research status and technical difficulties of various types of non-oxide ceramic fibers were reviewed.Among them,carbide ceramic fibers have the advantage of industrialisation and need to be developed with low oxygen content,near stoichiometric ratio and high crystalline structure in the future;boride ceramic fibers have the unique advantages of ultra-high temperature resistance and excellent oxidation resistance,but suffer from poor sintering and low fracture toughness,and it is a feasible way to use advanced sintering technology(hot pressing,flash sintering and spark plasma sintering);and nitride ceramic fibers have the advantage of structural-functional integration,however,current research is still at the laboratory research level and large-scale applications are more difficult.The key development directions of non-oxide ceramic fibers were prospected in future,and it was believed that the development of non-oxide ceramic fibers should be focused on low oxygen content,near stoichiometric ratio,high crystalline structure,good mechanical properties and structural-functional integration.

关 键 词：陶瓷纤维 非氧化物 碳化物 硼化物 氮化物 性能 

分 类 号：TQ343.41[化学工程—化纤工业]