“辩护全覆盖”制度:意义、问题与对策  

The“Full Coverage Defense”System:Significance,Problems and Countermeasures

作　　者：刘原 吕妍 LIU Yuan;LU Yan(Law School,Shandong University of Technology,Shandong 255000,China;Law School,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学法学院,山东淄博255000 [2]华中师范大学法学院,武汉430000

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期52-67,共16页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目(19SFB2034);淄博市社会科学规划研究项目(22ZBSKA007);山东理工大学国家社会科学预研项目(721021)。

摘　　要：大力发展公共法律服务是法治中国建设的应有之义。“辩护全覆盖”作为我国公共法律服务领域的制度创新,促进了中国法治的进步。“辩护全覆盖”制度既是法治中国建设的具体成果,体现了法治中国的基本精神和要求,又是法治中国的重要组成部分,它的建立和完善,应当以法治中国建设的要求为引领。但“辩护全覆盖”制度实践中,辩护律师和值班律师的功能有别,值班律师的实际作用有限,被追诉人通过“辩护全覆盖”制度所获得权益保障程度不同,故律师辩护并未真正实现“全覆盖”;制度回避了辩护质量问题,律师辩护质量依然堪忧。究其原因,在于理论层面对律师辩护的内涵界定不清,以至于不能有效区分律师辩护与律师法律帮助;“繁简分流”的程序改革引导着律师制度进行了“繁简划分”的改造,加之强制普及覆盖简单化的律师活动,加剧了辩护形式化问题;以及律师的主观动力不足。按照维护司法公正和促进社会公平正义的基本要求,目前“辩护全覆盖”制度应进行两个方面的完善。一是以“律师辩护到人”为“辩护全覆盖”之基本原则,实现每一个刑事案件的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在没有聘请律师进行辩护的情况下,都能够获得由政府及时指派的律师进行辩护,真正实现覆盖城乡、便捷高效、均等普惠的现代刑事公共法律服务体系。二是在公共法律服务评价指标体系中,专门设置“辩护全覆盖”模块,发挥司法行政机关和律师行业协会的主导作用,以辩护行为是否积极、行为理由是否充分且正当作为评价标准,以律师收益和荣誉作为鼓励,保留惩罚性监督措施,最终以群众满意度来检验公共法律服务工作成效,以律师辩护质量提升来维护司法公正。Vigorously developing public legal services is the due intention of the construction of China under the rule of law.“Full defense coverage”,as a system innovation in the field of public legal services in China,has promoted the progress of the rule of law in China.The“full defense coverage”system is not only a concrete achievement of the construction of the rule of law in China,but also reflects the basic spirit and requirements of the rule of law in China,and is an important component of the rule of law in China.Its establishment and improvement should be guided by the requirements of the construction of the rule of law in China.However,in the practice of the“full defense coverage”system,the functions of defense lawyers and on-duty lawyers are different,the actual role of on-duty lawyers is limited,and the degree of protection of rights and interests obtained by the accused through the“full defense coverage”system is different,so the lawyer's defense has not truly achieved“full coverage”.Moreover,the system avoids the issue of defense quality,and the quality of lawyers'defense remains worrisome.The reason lies in the unclear definition of the connotation of lawyer's defense at the theoretical level,which makes it impossible to effectively distinguish between lawyer's defense and lawyer's legal assistance.The procedural reform of“separation of complexity and simplicity”has led to the transformation of the lawyer system into“separation of complexity and simplicity”.In addition,the compulsory popularization and coverage of simplified lawyer activities have exacerbated the issue of formal defense and the lack of subjective motivation of lawyers.According to the basic requirements of maintaining judicial justice and promoting social fairness and justice,the current“full coverage of defense”system should be improved in two aspects.First,the basic principle of“full coverage of defense”is“lawyer to person defense”,so that suspect and defendants in every criminal case can obtain law

关 键 词：法治中国 辩护全覆盖 律师辩护 值班律师 辩护质量 

分 类 号：D916.5[政治法律—法学]