玉米亲本自交系及杂交种机械粒收质量相关指标分析  

Analysis of Mechanical Grain Harvest Quality Related Indexes of Maize Parental Inbred Lines and Hybrids

作　　者：魏良明[1] 曹丽茹[1] 叶飞宇 张前进[1] 张新[1] 王振华[1] 庞芸芸 马晨晨 金松灿 鲁晓民[1] WEI Liangming;CAO Liru;YE Feiyu;ZHANG Qianjin;ZHANG Xin;WANG Zhenhua;PANG Yunyun;MA Chenchen;JIN Songcan;LU Xiaomin(Grain Crop Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Luoyang Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]郑州大学农学院,河南郑州450001 [3]洛阳市农业技术推广服务中心,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第4期31-41,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(201300111100);河南省玉米产业技术体系项目(HARS-22-02-T)。

摘　　要：以玉米亲本自交系及杂交种为试验材料,于2019—2020年对玉米植株地上倒3—5节的折断力、节间长、节间粗及收获时籽粒含水率、破碎率、抗压能力、脱水速率等指标进行分析,并筛选茎秆强度强、籽粒机收质量好的玉米材料,为适宜机械粒收玉米新种质的培育奠定基础。结果表明,自交系E8501和杂交种郑单6122的茎秆折断力较大,自交系郑58、ZC1456和杂交种郑单958折断力较小;自交系郑682和杂交种先玉335的节间较长,自交系郑588和杂交种郑单1002的节间较短;自交系郑P6、PH6WC和杂交种DK517节间较粗,自交系郑682和杂交种郑单6098节间较细。聚类分析结果表明,玉米亲本自交系E8501、郑7541、郑H71、郑V89M、郑D58M、HCL1645和PH4CV及杂交种郑单6386、郑单6122、DK517、郑单6095、郑单6098、郑单1868和郑单1002的茎秆强度较强。杂交种郑单958的籽粒含水率较高,郑单6122较低;自交系郑H71和杂交种郑单958、郑单1868的籽粒破碎率较高,自交系PH4CV和杂交种DK517的籽粒破碎率较低;自交系PH4CV和杂交种郑单6122的籽粒抗压能力较大,自交系郑H71和杂交种郑单958的籽粒抗压能力较小。玉米收获时籽粒含水率≤26.87%就能够满足籽粒破碎率≤5%的机械粒收标准。在上述14个抗倒伏能力较强的玉米材料基础上,最终筛选出亲本自交系E8501、郑7541、郑H71、郑V89M、郑D58M、HCL1645和PH4CV以及杂交种DK517、郑单6122、郑单6386和郑单6098为抗倒伏较强且机械粒收质量佳(籽粒含水率≤26.87%且破碎率≤5%)的材料。With maize parental inbred lines and hybrid varieties as experimental materials,from 2019 to 2020,the breaking strength,length and thickness of the aboveground 3th,4th and 5th internodes from the last,the moisture content,breakage rate,compressive capacity and dehydration rate of grains at harvest time were analyzed,and the maize materials with strong stem strength and good mechanical grain harvest quality were screened to lay a foundation for the cultivation of new varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.The results showed that the stem breaking strength of inbred line E8501 and hybrid Zhengdan 6122 was higher,and that of inbred lines Zheng 58,ZC1456 and hybrid Zhengdan 958 was lower.The internodes of inbred line Zheng 682 and hybrid Xianyu 335 were longer,and the internodes of inbred line Zheng 588 and hybrid Zhengdan 1002 were shorter.The internodes of inbred lines Zheng P6,PH6WC and hybrid DK517 were thicker,while the internodes of inbred line Zheng 682 and hybrid Zhengdan 6098 were finer.The results of cluster analysis showed that the parental inbred lines E8501,Zheng 7541,Zheng H71,Zheng V89M,Zheng D58M,HCL1645,PH4CV and their hybrids Zhengdan 6386,Zhengdan6122,DK517,Zhengdan 6095,Zhengdan 6098,Zhengdan 1868 and Zhengdan 1002 had stronger stem strength.The moisture content of hybrid Zhengdan 958 was higher,while Zhengdan 6122 was lower.The breakage rates of inbred line Zheng H71 and hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Zhengdan 1868 were higher,while the breakage rates of inbred line PH4CV and hybrid DK517 were lower.The compressive capacity of inbred line PH4CV and hybrid Zhengdan 6122 was higher,while that of inbred line ZhengH71 and hybrid Zhengdan 958 was lower.When grain was harvested,moisture content≤26.87%could meet the national standard of mechanical grain harvest with breakage rate≤5%.On the basis of the above 14 maize materials with strong lodging resistance,finally,parental inbred lines E8501,Zheng 7541,Zheng H71,Zheng V89M,Zheng D58M,HCL1645 and PH4CV and hybrids DK517,Zhengdan 6122,Zhengdan 638

关 键 词：玉米 机械粒收 折断力 节间长 节间粗 含水率 破碎率 抗压能力 脱水速率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]