云南桑园昆虫群落组成及时间生态位分析  

Composition and Temporal Niches of Insect Communities in Yunnan Mulberry Field

作　　者：李勇辉 张其钢 雷婷 严乃胜[1] 柳青 唐国文[1] LI Yonghui;ZHANG Qigang;LEI Ting;YAN Naisheng;LIU Qing;TANG Guowen(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan,Kunming 650201,China;School of Resources and Environment,Baoshan University/Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Insect Resources in Western Yunnan,Baoshan 678000,China;Luliang County Seed Management Station,Luliang 655011,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]保山学院资源环境学院/云南省高校滇西昆虫资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南保山678000 [3]陆良县种子管理站,云南陆良655011

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第4期90-98,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202102AA310055);云南省“高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才专项(YNWRQNBJ2020101)。

摘　　要：为明确云南桑园昆虫群落组成及时间生态位,采用扫网法、诱集法和目测计数法,于2021年3—11月系统调查桑树树冠至地面的害虫和天敌昆虫种类及数量,并进行鉴定、计数和统计分析。结果显示,在云南桑园中收集的昆虫隶属8目36科83种,其中害虫有5目29科63种,天敌昆虫有5目7科20种。害虫中物种数排在前3位的是鞘翅目、半翅目和鳞翅目,占物种总数的44.44%、34.92%和14.29%,主要类群包括蓟马科、螟蛾科、叶蝉科等,其中桑蓟马(Pseudodendrothrips mori)、桑螟(Diaphania pyloalis)和小长蝽(Nysius ericae)为优势种,盛发期为7—9月。天敌昆虫中以鞘翅目为优势类群,占物种总数的80.00%,优势种为异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)、大草蛉(Chrysopa pallens)和六斑异瓢虫(Aiolocaria hexaspilota),高峰期在6月和9月。时间生态位分析表明,异色瓢虫同小长蝽、桑螟,大草蛉同桑蓟马的时间生态位重叠指数最大,分别为0.8912、0.8423和0.9427。多样性分析表明,群落丰富度指数的峰值出现在7月,Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在6月出现峰值,Pielou均匀度指数在3月出现峰值。在云南桑园中,害虫种类比天敌昆虫种类多,夏季桑园物种数明显增加,主要害虫和天敌昆虫的时间生态位拟合度较高,异色瓢虫是控制小长蝽、桑螟的优势天敌昆虫,大草蛉是控制桑蓟马的主要天敌昆虫,应加强对这些天敌的保护和利用。In order to clarify the characteristics of insect community structure in Yunnan mulberry field,the insects were collected by sweeping,trapping and visual counting methods from tree canopy to ground of mulberry from March to November in 2021.All insect samples were classified,counted and analyzed.The results showed that the insects belonged to 8 orders,36 families,and 83 species,including 63 species,29 families and 5 orders of pests and 20 species,7 families and 5 orders of natural enemy insects.The top three of pest species quantity belonged to Coleoptera,Hemiptera and Lepidoptera,accounting for 44.44%,34.92%and 14.29%of the total species,the main groups included Thripidae,Pyralidae,Cicadellidae.Pseudodendrothrips mori,Diaphania pyloalis and Nysius ericae were the dominant species,and the blooming period was from July to September.Among the natural enemy insects,Coleoptera was the dominant group,accounting for 80.00%of the total species,the dominant natural enemy insects were Harmonia axyridi,Chrysopa pallens and Aiolocaria hexaspilota,and the peak of natural enemy insects quantity occurred in June and September.Temporal niche analysis showed that the niche overlap index of Harmonia axyridis with Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis was the highest,and that of Chrysopa pallens and Pseudodendrothrips mori was the highest,which were 0.8912,0.8423 and 0.9427,respectively.Diversity analysis showed that Margalef index peaked in July,Simpson diversity index and Shannon‑Wiener diversity index both peaked in June,Pielou index peaked in March.To summarize,there were much more pests than natural enemy insects in Yunnan mulberry field,and the species diversity increased significantly in summer.The temporal niches of the main pests and natural enemy insects matched well.Harmonia axyridis was the main natural enemy insects of Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis,and Chrysopa pallens was the dominant natural enemy insects of Pseudodendrothrips mori.Attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of these natural e

关 键 词：桑园 昆虫 群落组成 优势类群 时间生态位 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S888.7[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]