不同轻型可再生基质对盆栽菊花生长的影响  

Effects of Different Light Renewable Substrates on the Growth of Potted Chrysanthemum

作　　者：岳莉然[1] 刘铭宇 陈胜艳 刘曙光 陈斌 薄杉 徐守斌[2] 周蕴薇 YUE Liran;LIU Mingyu;CHEN Shengyan;LIU Shuguang;CHEN Bin;BO Shan;XU Shoubin;ZHOU Yunwei(College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry,Harbin 150081,China;College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省林业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [3]吉林农业大学园艺学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第4期116-126,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2019YFD1001500)。

摘　　要：以盆栽菊花糖果粉为植物材料,用腐叶和椰糠为基质原料,按不同体积比替代泥炭配制成复合基质,共设置T1[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(腐叶)∶V(椰糠)=6∶2∶1∶1]、T2[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(腐叶)∶V(椰糠)=2∶1∶1∶1]、T3[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(腐叶)∶V(椰糠)=2∶2∶3∶3]、T4[V(珍珠岩)∶V(腐叶)∶V(椰糠)=1∶2∶2]、T5[V(腐叶)∶V(珍珠岩)=4∶1]、T6[V(椰糠)∶V(珍珠岩)=4∶1]、对照[CK,V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=4∶1]7个处理,通过分析各基质理化性质及菊花的形态和生理指标,筛选出适宜菊花生长的基质配方。结果表明:添加农林废弃物可以使基质容重与碱解氮含量降低,使总孔隙度、pH值、EC值、有效磷与速效钾含量提高;除T6处理外,盆栽菊花在各配方基质上成活率超过83.33%;定植120 d前,盆栽菊花在T5处理中的株高和冠幅高于CK,但定植120 d后,盆栽菊花在T1—T6处理组的株高、茎粗、冠幅等形态指标均低于CK,其中T5处理的株高最接近CK,T1处理的茎粗和冠幅最接近CK,盆栽菊花在T1、T2、T5处理中分别比CK提前6.33、19.00、18.00 d进入盛花期并使花期延长21.67、17.33、11.33 d,提高了观赏价值;且在T1与T5处理中根冠比与壮苗指数接近或高于CK。采用隶属函数法对各栽培基质下菊花的生长效果进行综合评价,T1处理的综合评价系数最高,最适宜盆栽菊花生长,T5与T2处理略低于CK但与CK接近,也可作为理想栽培基质。Potted chrysanthemum Tangguofen was used as the plant material,leaf mould and coconut bran were used as substrate materials,and peat was replaced by different volume ratios to prepare composite substrate.The experiment included seven treatments,T1[V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(leaf mould)∶V(coconut bran)=6∶2∶1∶1],T2[V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(leaf mould)∶V(coconut bran)=2∶1∶1∶1],T3[V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(leaf mould)∶V(coconut bran)=2∶2∶3∶3],T4[V(perlite)∶V(leaf mould)∶V(coconut bran)=1∶2∶2],T5[V(leaf mould)∶V(perlite)=4∶1],T6[V(coconut bran)∶V(perlite)=4∶1],and CK[V(peat)∶V(perlite)=4∶1].By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of each substrate and the morphological and physiological indexes of chrysanthemum,the substrate formula suitable for the growth of chrysanthemum was selected.The results indicated that adding agricultural and forestry wastes could reduce the bulk density and available N content of substrate,and increase total porosity,pH,EC,available P and available K content.The survival rate of potted chrysanthemum was over 83.33%except for T6 treatment.Before planting for 120 d,the plant height and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T5 treatment were higher than CK.But after 120 d of colonization,the plant height,stem diameter and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T1—T6 treatment groups were lower than CK,the plant height of T5 treatment was the closest to CK,and the stem diameter and crown width of T1 treatment were the closest to CK.Potted chrysanthemum entered the full blooming duration 6.33,19.00,18.00 d earlier than CK in T1,T2 and T5 treatments,respectively,and the full blooming period was prolonged by 21.67,17.33,11.33 d,which improved the ornamental value,and in T1 and T5 treatments,the root‑shoot ratio and healthy index were close to or higher than CK.The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth effect of chrysanthemum under different substrates,T1 treatment had the highest comprehensive evaluation

关 键 词：盆栽菊花 植物生长 农林废弃物 轻型基质 可再生基质 腐叶 椰糠 泥炭 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺] Q945.31[农业科学—园艺学]