图式演绎、叙事重构与冷战后美国对华价值观外交  

Schema Deduction,Narrative Reconfiguration and US Value⁃Based Diplomacy Towards China in the Post⁃Cold War Era

作　　者：岳圣淞 Yue Shengsong(Institute of Inter-national Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院,北京100007

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第4期26-61,157,158,共38页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“政治修辞与美国对华政策的调整(1993—2018)”(项目批准号:20FYB028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：针对当前美国对华价值观外交实践,认知理论指出,美国决策者认知倾向的转变促使其在对抗的二元模式下重塑了对华政策框架,导致对华各领域交往均呈现不同程度的“意识形态化”特征,中美价值观矛盾迅速激化。在后冷战时期,秉持一贯价值理念的美国历任决策者将价值观因素纳入对华决策过程,并对双边关系走向和互动模式产生差异化影响,这依赖于“图式演绎”机制在决策者认知层面发挥的导向作用:基于对既往相关政策图式的借鉴,决策者得以在有限的决策空间内完成对当前情势应对方案的选择、在话语层面形成相应的政策叙事,并将其确立为指导具体政策行动的原则。作者借鉴图式理论和公共政策学叙事分析方法论,搭建起图式—叙事—政策分析框架检视冷战后的美国对华政策过程,尝试为价值观外交政策趋向的演化提供一以贯之的解释。研究发现,基于对“冷战图式”的演绎,不同美国决策者的主观认知决定了价值观因素对中美关系作用的方式、时机、场景及限度,其差异通过政策叙事的不断重构得以连贯呈现,并持续塑造着美国对华政策和中美互动模式。在双边关系复杂变化的当下,强化认知研究有助于加深对中美认知域博弈态势的把握,并为应对美国对华竞争、管控竞争风险带来启示。The tendency of value⁃based diplomacy in US's China policy has aroused wide range of attentions across academia of international relations.Scholars from cogni⁃tive perspective attribute the cause of this phenomenon to the alternation of US policy⁃makers'cognitive orientation vis⁃à⁃vis China.Propelled by the conflict prospect of US⁃China relations,US policy⁃makers are prone to reshape the fundamental policy frame⁃work towards China,through consistently highlighting the differences of values between the two countries.Consequently,the US's China policy in various fields has been“ideologized”to some extent.Inspired by such opinions,this essay argues that,in the post⁃cold war era,thanks to the cognitive performance of the“schema deduction”mechanism,the successive US policy⁃makers could keep pursuing the consistency of US value system in making China policy:drawing from previous policy schema and cognitive experiences,US decision⁃makers can always be able to formulate targeted ac⁃tion plans in dealing with different occasions;through the mechanism of schema de⁃duction,the chosen action plan can thus be translated into certain policy narrative and serve as the guidance for specific policy implementation.The author intends to estab⁃lish a new type of analytical framework centered by“schema⁃narrative⁃policy”on the basis of existing literature of schema theory as well as theories of public policy analy⁃sis,in order to probe into the US's China policy process in the post⁃cold war era,with the hope of providing a consistent explanation to the evolution of the value⁃based diplomacy tendency.It is believed that a further exploration into the US's China policy process from the perspective of cognition can be beneficial for a deeper understanding of the status quo of the strategic competition between China and the US,and can also serve as an inspirational reference for China to optimize its policies to deal with the competition with the US in the conceptual field,while maintaini

关 键 词：价值观外交 图式理论 政策叙事 美国对华政策 对外政策分析 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]