从自主争论到目标争论——新兴国家如何推动国际规范的转变  

From Autonomy Contestation to Objective Contestation:Emerging Markets and the Change of International Norm

作　　者：黄宇韬 Huang Yutao(Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第4期62-95,158,159,共36页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：规范是国际政治的重要内容,新兴国家如何推动国际规范的转变具有重要的理论与现实意义。聚焦建构主义前沿理论有关“争论”的研究,作者把争论的内容分为自主争论、工具争论和目标争论,认为新兴国家可以运用争论内容的递进来推动国际规范转变。自主争论是为自身行为辩护,工具争论旨在反思具体问题的解决方法,目标争论则重塑如何行动才具有正当性这一价值判断。争论递进的机制是学习,即通过成功实践创造可供观察与解释的经验证据,进而促使国际认知社群实现自我理念的更新。在资本账户管理方面,马来西亚与中国成功实践了适用于本国的“非正统”政策,为国际技术专家提供了新的学习素材,进而推动了管理资本流动规范的转变。争论的出现并不意味着国际规范必然受到冲击,但争论内容的不断递进会对国际规范产生实质性影响。尽管短期内难以利用强制、模仿和说服等传统理念传播方式,但新兴国家可以通过“自下而上”的方式推广其理念。在此过程中,成功的实践是知识生产与传播的关键因素。缺少经验证据的累积,单凭外部危机所触发的“机会窗口”无法真正实现国际规范的转变。The concept of norm is a crucial element in international politics.Emerging countries can promote international normative change through autonomy,instrument,and objective contestations,facilitated by the progression of the contestation context.Autonomy contestation aims to justify countries'“unorthodox”behaviors,instrument contestation re⁃evaluates the solution method of a specific problem,while objective contestation reshapes the widely⁃accepted“logic of appropriateness”.This process is underpinned by a learning mechanism,which entails the evolution of established knowledge by the international epistemic community through the observation and re⁃interpretation of new empirical evidence.Shedding light on capital account manage⁃ment,the empirical analysis shows that Malaysia and China have successfully practiced“unorthodox”policies in contrast to the then“orthodox”capital management norm,which provided learning materials for international economics experts and then contribu⁃ted to the normative change in managing capital mobility.The findings indicate that contestation does not naturally lead to international normative change.Instead,only the progression of the contestation context can have substantial impacts.Next,the limita⁃tion of national powers does not impede the promotion of new ideas.Even though emerging markets are hard to utilize the traditional methods of coercion,persuasion,or imitation,they can take advantage of a“bottom⁃up”strategy to promote their ideas globally.Nevertheless,without the accumulation of empirical evidence underpinned by successful practices,even obtaining the“window of opportunity”triggered by exoge⁃nous crises cannot help emerging markets promote international normative change.

关 键 词：国际规范 争论递进 学习机制 新兴国家 资本账户管理 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]