累退社会保险缴费率、流动性约束与低收入家庭消费  

Regressive Social Security Contribution Rate,Liquidity Constraints and Low-income Household Consumption

作　　者：徐舒[1] 廖健伶 徐嘉珧 XU Shu;LIAO Jian-ling;XU Jia-yao(School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics;School of Public Economics and Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院 [2]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第3期133-151,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“社会保险缴费基数的跨期收入配置功能、收入分配效应与社会福利效果研究”(批准号71773095);国家自然科学基金重点项目“新时代居民消费发展的驱动机制及政策研究”(批准号72033007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“完善推动全体人民共同富裕的机制体制和政策体系研究”的支持。

摘　　要：中国城镇职工社会保险缴费基数上、下限的规定使个人实际社会保险缴费率呈现累退性:职工收入越低,社会保险实际缴费率越高。这一特征增加了低收入家庭的流动性约束,抑制了社会保障对低收入家庭消费的促进作用,并扩大了消费不平等。本文建立了一个消费增长分解框架,基于2019年《降低社会保险费率综合方案》的改革背景,从广延边界和集约边界两个角度,定量考察了降低社会保险缴费基数对低收入家庭消费的影响。结果表明,社会保险缴费基数下降,在广延边界上,带来了社会保险覆盖率的上升,通过降低预防性储蓄,使家庭消费增加1.39个百分点;在集约边界上,使低收入家庭的实际社会保险缴费率下降了约3.13—5.34个百分点,增加了其可支配收入,使家庭消费增加0.79—1.19个百分点。总体看,《降低社会保险费率综合方案》提高了整体家庭消费2.18—2.58个百分点,并使低收入家庭与中高收入家庭的消费差距下降了3.41—4.79个百分点。本文从家庭消费视角补充了社会保险降费政策的研究,表明减税降费在扩内需和促消费中的积极作用。The insufficiency of household consumption is an important challenge faced by China at present.The low-and middle-income class in China is a huge group with a high marginal propensity to consume.To release the consumption potential of Chinese households,relevant consumption policies need to be optimized and special attention should be paid to the factors that restrict the consumption upgrade or hinder the increase of consumption.Studies based on the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance,New Cooperative Medical Scheme,and New Rural Pension Program have confirmed that well-designed social security systems help to reduce household precautionary savings by guaranteeing residents'living and risk sharing.However,as the key to social security systems for urban workers in China,the urban employee social insurance's impact on consumption is complicated and no consensus has been reached.Existing literature ignores the regressive characteristics of social security contributions generated by the upper and lower limit bounds of the social security contribution base.Since low-income households are more vulnerable to liquidity constraints and have a greater marginal propensity to consume,this implies that social security contributions may have a negative impact on overall household consumption.Following this logic,this paper uses China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data to examine the impact of the regressive social security contribution rate on low-income household consumption.Results show that the actual social security contribution rate is indeed regressive:the lower the employee's income is,the higher the actual social security contribution rate will be.This feature increases the liquidity constraint of low-income households,restraining the positive effect of social security on low-income household consumption and widening consumption disparity.Besides,based on the social security contribution base reform in 2019,this paper develops a decomposition framework for consumption growth and evaluates the impact of reducing the socia

关 键 词：减税降费 社会保险缴费累退性 流动性约束 家庭消费 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]