从“效率”到“公平”:乡村产业振兴与农民共同富裕  

From“Efficiency”to“Equity”:Rural Industrial Revitalization and Common Prosperity of Farmers

作　　者：王轶[1] 刘蕾 WANG Yi;LIU Lei

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2023年第2期144-164,共21页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济推动农村地区共同富裕的机制与路径研究”(编号:22AJL103)的资助。

摘　　要：产业振兴是乡村振兴的基石,是农民共同富裕的重要抓手。本文基于2021年中国革命老区的村庄调查数据,实证分析了乡村产业振兴水平对农民共同富裕的影响及其作用机制,并考察了按照乡村治理情况分组后这一影响的异质性。研究结果表明:乡村产业振兴提高了农民收入水平,但在乡村产业发展从无到有的起步阶段,乡村产业振兴对高收入群体的增收作用更强;乡村产业振兴水平与农民内部收入差距之间存在倒U型关系,当乡村产业振兴水平指数高于0.317时,农民内部收入差距会随着乡村产业振兴水平的提高而缩小,这体现了效率优先、兼顾公平的产业发展过程。异质性分析结果表明:在村两委“一肩挑”和实施产权制度改革的村庄,乡村产业振兴水平对农民收入和农民内部收入差距均有显著影响;在未实行村两委“一肩挑”和产权制度改革的村庄,乡村产业振兴水平对农民收入和农民内部收入差距的影响均不显著。机制分析结果表明,乡村产业振兴能够通过促进村级集体经济组织发展、建立村级集体经济组织与农户的利益联结机制来推动农民共同富裕的实现。Industrial revitalization is the cornerstone of rural revitalization and an importantstarting point for the common prosperityof farmers and rural areas.Based on the survey data of villages in old revolutionary base areas in 2021,this paper empiricallystudies the impact of industrial revitalization on farmers’common prosperity,and examines the heterogeneity according to different levels of rural governance.The study shows that industrial revitalization has improved the income level of farmers in rural areas,and has a stronger effect on increasing the income of high-income groups.This conclusion is still valid after a variety of robustness checks;there is an“inverted U-shaped”relationship between the level of industrial revitalization and the internal income gap amongfarmers in rural areas.Specifically,when the industrial revitalization index is greater than 0.317,the internal income gap amongfarmers will narrow with the raising level of industrial revitalization,which reflects the industrial development process that gives priority to efficiency and balances fairness.Furthermore,where the“one-shoulder”village committees and the systemreformof property rights are implemented,the level of industrial revitalization has a positive effect on the income level and exhibitedasignificant and inverted-U shaped relationship with the internal income gap among farmers.Mechanism analysis shows that industrial revitalization is likely to promote the development and construction of rural collective economy and establisha mechanism forlinking the interests offarmers,so asto help farmers achieve common prosperity in rural areas.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 产业振兴 共同富裕 农民增收 收入差距 

分 类 号：D035.5[政治法律—政治学] F320.1[经济管理—产业经济]