家庭收入水平、性别观念与再生育意愿  

The Effects of Household Income Level and Gender Perception on the Intention to Have Another Child

作　　者：杨晓蕾 钟如雨 Yang Xiaolei;Zhong Ruyu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2023年第4期137-148,共12页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“普惠性托育机构试点效果跟踪评估与长效机制构建研究”(20BRK046)的资助。

摘　　要：目前,生育率持续下降已成为我国严峻的社会问题,而提升育龄群体的再生育意愿成为解决该问题的突破口。本文使用2017年中国综合社会调查数据研究家庭收入水平和性别观念对育龄群体再生育意愿的影响。研究发现:高收入水平家庭的再生育意愿更高;性别平等观念对育龄群体的再生育意愿有负向影响,性别观念越平等,再生育意愿越低;对育龄群体的再生育意愿进行性别异质性检验,发现男性群体的再生育意愿主要受到个体经济因素的影响,女性群体受到个体和家庭因素的共同影响;对育龄群体的再生育意愿进行城乡异质性检验,发现城市育龄群体的收入、职业地位对再生育意愿有正向影响,但这一影响并未在农村得到相同体现。为此,应从建立健全生育支持政策体系、消除性别平等观念与性别分工实践之间两个方面提高育龄群体的再生育意愿,进而提高社会总体生育水平。The declining fertility rate has become a serious social problem in China.The key breakthrough to solve this problem is to increase the willingness of those who have had one child to have more children.The article uses data from the 2017 China General Social Survey to study the effects of household income level and gender perception on the willingness to have more children among those who have already had one child.The study found that:The intention to have more children is higher among the group with high household income.Gender equality has a negative effect on the willingness to have more children among those who have had one child,and the more equal the gender perception,the lower the willingness to have more children.The gender heterogeneity test on the willingness to have more children found that the willingness of the male group was mainly influenced by individual economic factors,while the willingness of the female group was influenced by both individual and family factors.In the urban-rural heterogeneity test,we found that the income and occupational status in urban areas had a positive effect on the willingness to have more children,but this effect was not reflected in the same way in rural areas.This paper argues that the willingness of the one-child group to have more children should be improved by establishing a sound fertility support policy system and bridging the gap between the concept of gender equality and the practice of gender division of labor,so as to improve the overall fertility level of society.

关 键 词：再生育意愿 家庭收入水平 性别观念 性别分工 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]