“省直管县”改革对城乡收入差距的影响  

THE EFFECT OF"PROVINCE-MANAGING-COUNTY""REFORM ON THE URBAN-RURAL DIVIDE

作　　者：方红生[1,2] 鲁玮骏 苏云晴 FANG Hongsheng;LU Weijun;SU Yunqingl(School of Economics,Zhejiang University;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Zhejiang University of Finance&Economics)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院 [2]浙江大学财税大数据与政策研究中心 [3]浙江财经大学财政税务学院,310018

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2023年第3期24-39,共16页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“三期叠加下统筹稳增长、促转型和防风险的积极财政政策提质增效研究”(20&ZD080)的资助。

摘　　要：本文研究了省直管县财政管理体制改革对城乡收入差距的影响。理论分析发现:“省直管县”改革提高了县级政府税收分成比例和省对下转移支付规模,迫使其面临更激烈的横向竞争,加剧其对其他弱势部门的财政资金获取。县级政府还会选择偏向于资本密集型部门的发展战略,延缓县域内城市化进程。实证研究发现:第一,“省直管县”改革显著扩大了城乡收入差距。第二,改革效应存在异质性特征。“省直管县”改革,在东中部地区,会显著扩大城乡收入差距,在民族地区、经济欠发达地区、西部地区,会显著缩小城乡收入差距,在主要产粮地区和省域边界县,改革效应则不明显。第三,地区间横向竞争加剧和选择偏向于资本密集型部门的发展战略是“省直管县”改革扩大城乡收入差距的两条渠道。This paper takes the perspective of fiscal decentralization among sub-provincial governments to examine the effect of Province-managing-county(PMC)reform on the income gap between urban and rural areas.Theoretically,PMC reform has increased local tax-sharing rate and inter-governmental transfers,which force local governments to face more intense horizontal competition,extending a"grabbing hand"to the rural areas,and choose a development strategy that favors capital-intensive industries.Those two logical approaches widen the income gap between urban and rural areas in the county.Empirically,the main findings are as follows.First,PMC reform has widened the income gap.Second,the effects of PMC reform vary in different regions.PMC reform has a positive impact on the gap between urban and rural areas in eastern and middle regions.But it has an opposite impact in minority,poverty and western regions.It has no impact in grain-producing counties and border counties.Third,the mechanism analysis shows that two channels of PMC reform are intense horizontal competition among counties and governmental development strategy that favors capital-intensive industries.

关 键 词：省直管县 财政分权 城乡收入差距 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F124.7[政治法律—中外政治制度]