撒哈拉以南非洲国家的分离主义运动及其治理  

Secessionist Movements and their Governance in Sub-Saharan African Countries

作　　者：王涛 

机构地区：[1]云南大学“一带一路”研究院、非洲研究中心,昆明650091

出　　处：《世界民族》2023年第2期48-65,共18页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中非命运共同体理念下构建我国对非安全合作升级版的对策研究”(编号:19CGJ028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：撒哈拉以南非洲国家的分离主义运动呈现出由点及面、遍布全域且数量不断增长的特点。殖民遗留问题、族群诉求是刺激分离主义运动产生的主要因素。分离主义运动表现为要求自治、独立或归并他国,诉求也会随着环境变化而改变。实力对比则决定了分离主义运动的行动策略。武装斗争、议会竞选、街头抗议与网络动员在不同情况下都成为分离主义运动的选择且出现配合使用的特征。在撒哈拉以南非洲国家,分离并非解决问题的有效手段,反而会制造新的、更多的问题。在应对分离主义运动的过程中,各国结合硬性治理与柔性治理手段,前者用于短期内的快速压制与平息,后者致力于长期安抚与和解。撒哈拉以南非洲国家治理分离主义的成败与经验教训,值得深入关注。The secessionist movements in sub-Saharan African countries are characterized by increasing in numbers and spreading in distribution across the whole region.Colonial legacies and ethnic demands are the main factors that stimulate the secessionist movements.The secessionist movements manifest themselves in demands for autonomy,independence or integration with other countries,which change as circumstances change.The strength contrast determines the strategy the secessionits tmovementswould pursueA.rmed struggle,parliamentary election,street protest and network mobilization have all become options of the secessionist movements in different situations and appeared to be used together.In sub-Saharan Africa,secession is not an effective way to solve problems.Instead,it creates new and more problems.In the process of dealing with the secessionist movements,sub-Saharan African countries have combined hard governance with soft governance.The former is used to suppress and quell chaos quickly in a short run,while the latter is dedicated to long-term pacification and reconciliation.The success or failure of sub-Saharan African countries in managing secession and the lessons learned deserve close attention.

关 键 词：分离主义运动 撒南非洲 诉求 行动策略 治理 

分 类 号：D74[政治法律—政治学]