二战后德国对犹太人赔偿的路径调整与效果评估  

The Perfection Path and Value Assessment of German Reparations for Jews after World War Ⅱ

作　　者：孙文沛 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)马克思主义学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《世界民族》2023年第2期66-78,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“二战后德国战争赔偿史”(20FSSB028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：二战后德国对犹太人的战争赔偿始于1952年签订的《卢森堡条约》,其后经历了“以色列政府→纳粹受害者→大屠杀幸存者→边缘受害者”四次对象转变,最终发展成为世界历史上覆盖范围最广的战争赔偿事件。德国主动赔偿的意志和赔偿法律在其中发挥了决定性作用。但在犹太人的视角下,接受德国赔偿并不意味着在内心宽恕对方,赔偿的价值在于物质生活的恢复和敌我关系的和解,最终回归正常的生活。德国对犹太人的赔偿使国际法视域下的“战争受害者赔偿”从文本跨越到实践,为彻底解决战争遗留问题的可能性提供了历史证明,也足以证明“受害者赔偿”已经取代“战胜国赔偿”成为战争赔偿的重心。After World War II,Germany's war reparations for Jews began with the"Luxembourg Treaty"signed in 1952,and then experienced four object changes of"Israeli government→Nazi victims→Holocaust survivors→marginal victims",and finally developed into the most extensive war reparation event in the world history.Germany's will to initiate reparations and the law on reparations played a decisive role in this process.However,from the Jewish perspective,accepting German reparations did not mean forgiving the Germans in the heart,as the value of reparations lies only in the restoration of material life and the reconciliation of relations with the enemy,resulting in the eventual return to normal life.Germany's reparations to the Jews brought"reparations for war victims"from text to practice in the field of international law,which provided a historical proof for the possibility of completely solving the problems left over from the war,and was enough to prove that"reparations for victims"has replaced"reparations for victors"as the focus of war reparations.

关 键 词：德国 犹太人 二战 战争赔偿 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]