基于机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术探究山地地质灾害发育特征  

Exploring the Development Characteristics of Mountain Geological Hazards Based on Airborne LiDAR and Tilt Photography Technology

作　　者：黄剑宇[1,2] 李文龙 HUANG Jianyu;LI Wenlong(Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute Guangzhou 510060,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Perception and Monitoring and Early Warning Enterprises Guangzhou 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广州510060 [2]广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室,广州510060

出　　处：《广东土木与建筑》2023年第4期7-11,31,共6页Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0101130009);广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室基金(2020B121202019);广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金(RDI2210204099)。

摘　　要：广州市地形地貌复杂多样,地质灾害种类多,防灾减灾任务十分繁重。受限于地形地貌等因素,传统的人工现场排查具有局限性,无法较好地识别区域地质灾害隐患。受惠于机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术的快速发展,其能够“穿透”地面植被,获取地面真实高程,对于精准获取地质灾害隐患点、精细勘测区内地形地貌具有重要意义。因此,为查明广州莲花山地区地质灾害发育特征,文章基于机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术,将外业获取的点云数据经内业预处理、分类处理及滤波处理后,经融合差分GPS解算、数据生成等步骤,获取具有实际坐标的精细化实景三维模型、真实地表数字高程模型(DEM)和数字正射影像(DOM)。通过地质灾害特征解译结合传统人工现场排查与复核,探明广州莲花山地区共发育19处地质灾害,多发育在核心区域的砂砾岩及粉砂岩地层,区内地质灾害以危岩体为主,且主要受地形高程和坡度控制。研究结果表明,机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术能够实现研究区内地质灾害的早期发现和有效识别,对地质灾害分类管理、高效防治具有较高的指导意义。Guangzhou has complex and diverse landforms and geological disasters,so the task of disaster prevention and reduction is very arduous.Due to the landform and other factors,the traditional manual on-site inspection has limitations,and it is unable to better identify the potential regional geological hazards.Benefiting from the rapid development of airborne LiDAR and tilt photography technology,it can“penetrate”the ground vegetation and obtain the true elevation of the ground,which is of great significance for accurately obtaining the hidden points of geological disasters and the terrain and geomorphology in the fine survey area.Therefore,in order to find out the development characteristics of geological disasters in Lianhuashan area,Guangzhou,based on airborne LiDAR and tilt photography technology,obtains the refined real scene 3D model,real surface digital elevation model(DEM) and digital orthophoto image(DOM) with actual coordinates after the point cloud data obtained in the field are processed by office pre-processing,classification processing and filtering,and integrated with differential GPS solution,data generation and other steps.Through the interpretation of geological hazard characteristics combined with the traditional manual on-site investigation and review,it is proved that there are 19 geological hazards developed in Lianhuashan District,Guangzhou,mostly in the core area of the glutenite and siltstone formation.The geological hazards in the area are mainly dangerous rock bodies,and are mainly controlled by the terrain elevation and slope.The research results show that the airborne LiDAR and tilt photography technology can realize the early detection and effective identification of geological disasters in the study area,which has a high guiding significance for the classification management and efficient prevention and control of geological disasters.

关 键 词：工程地质 地质灾害 机载LiDAR技术 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学]