水稻秸秆双轴深埋还田机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rice Straw Biaxial Deep⁃buried Returning Machine

作　　者：王金峰[1] 杨东泽 王震涛 付佐栋 王金武[1] 翁武雄 WANG Jinfeng;YANG Dongze;WANG Zhentao;FU Zuodong;WANG Jinwu;WENG Wuxiong(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第4期21-30,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071910);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD200060502)。

摘　　要：针对北方寒地稻田在秸秆还田作业时,传统单轴机具难以适应覆有大量秸秆的湿黏土壤条件,作业质量难以满足实际作业需求的问题,设计了一种前轴正旋、后轴反旋的新型水稻秸秆双轴深埋还田机。结合实际农艺要求及土壤运动过程确定前后刀轴中心水平距离650 mm、竖直距离100 mm,并对整机进行配置。运用EDEM仿真软件模拟还田机工作过程,以前进速度、前轴转速、后轴转速为试验因素,以秸秆还田率和机具功耗为评价指标进行正交试验,建立秸秆还田率及机具功耗回归方程。利用Design-Expert分析软件得到最优参数组合,根据仿真优化结果及实际加工需求确定最优工作参数为:前进速度1.5 km/h、前轴转速274.2 r/min、后轴转速219.4 r/min,为后续田间试验提供理论支撑。田间试验结果表明,在留茬高度为15~20 cm、地表秸秆覆盖量为468~578 g/m^(2)、拖拉机前进作业速度为低速1挡(1.5 km/h)时,水稻秸秆双轴深埋还田机还田率为88.7%~91.2%、地面平整度为1.8~2.4 cm、碎土率为97.7%~98.8%、耕深为16.6~19.5 cm,各项指标均满足农艺要求;与传统单轴机具相比,水稻秸秆双轴深埋还田机提高了秸秆还田率、碎土率,同时未见机具前方壅土现象。In view of the problems that traditional single⁃axis machines are difficult to adapt to the wet and clay soil conditions covered with a large amount of straw when straw is returned to the rice field in the northern cold region,the problem that the quality of work is difficult to meet the needs of actual work.A type of rice straw double⁃shaft deep⁃buried returning machine with forward rotation of the front shaft and reverse rotation of the rear shaft was designed.Combined with the actual agronomic requirements and the soil movement process,the horizontal distance between the center of the front and rear knife shafts was 650 mm and the vertical distance was 100 mm,and the whole machine was configured.The EDEM simulation software was used to simulate the working process of the field returning machine.Taking the forward speed,front axle speed and rear axle speed as the test factors,and taking the straw returning rate and the power consumption of the machine as the evaluation indicators,an orthogonal test was carried out to establish the straw returning rate and the machine tool power consumption regression equation.Design⁃Expert analysis software was used to obtain the optimal parameter combination,and the optimal working parameters were determined according to the simulation optimization results and actual processing requirements:forward speed was 1.5 km/h,front axle speed was 274.2 r/min,rear axle speed was 219.4 r/min,providing theoretical support for subsequent field experiments.The field test results showed that when the stubble height was 15~20 cm,the surface straw coverage was 468~578 g/m^(2),and the forward working speed of the tractor was the first gear of low speed(1.5 km/h),the rice straw biaxial deep burial returning machine can still be used.The field rate was 88.7%~91.2%,the ground flatness was 1.8~2.4 cm,the broken soil rate was 97.7%~98.8%,and the tillage depth was 16.6~19.5 cm.All indicators met the agronomic requirements,which improved the straw returning rate and the broken soil rate,at the

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 秸秆还田 双刀轴 离散元仿真 田间试验 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]