干法厌氧发酵装备同步升温发酵及微生态网络研究  

Synchronous Heating Fermentation and Micro⁃ecological Network of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Equipment

作　　者：衣蕊 赵立欣[1,2] 姚宗路 冯晶 刘新鑫 于佳动 YI Rui;ZHAO Lixin;YAO Zonglu;FENG Jing;LIU Xinxin;YU Jiadong(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业农村部华北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,北京100081 [3]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100125 [4]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第4期376-385,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS 02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP)。

摘　　要：干法厌氧发酵是提高农业农村废弃物处理效率及资源高效循环的重要技术之一。先前围绕该技术产甲烷效率低、传质传热不均匀等问题,提出了微好氧同步预升温干发酵技术,设计了配套装备,开展了小试和中试试验,产甲烷效率得到改善。为进一步提高放大装备的实际应用质量,在对发酵装置密封、进出料、喷淋循环系统等关键部件优化的基础上,探明了最优曝气量及实际应用中微好氧预升温阶段物质转化特性,揭示了微生物生态网络关系,评价了实际运行效果。结果表明:对关键部件的优化显著提升装备运行稳定性,微好氧同步预升温阶段最优曝气量为10 L/min,容积产气率达到1.20 m^(3)/(m 3·d)。物料在第40小时升温至42℃,曝气组各层物料温度较未曝气组均提高45.54%、32.46%和52.06%。同步预升温促进了物料各层纤维素和半纤维素的降解,提高了酸化效率,有机酸质量浓度分别提高59.83%、50.69%和20.85%,物料产气潜力提高34.9%。探明了微生物网络关系以及与发酵环境因子变化的相关性,发现微好氧预升温阶段具有协同作用的功能微生物SBR1031、Synergistales和Gaiellales,丰度提高57.67%、15.88%和68.59%。Dry anaerobic fermentation is one of the important technologies to improve the efficiency of agricultural and rural waste treatment and resource recycling.Previously,due to the problems of low methane production efficiency and uneven mass and heat transfer of this technology,the micro⁃aerobic synchronous pre⁃heating dry fermentation technology was proposed,supporting equipment was designed,and pilot and pilot tests were carried out,and the methane production efficiency was improved.In order to further improve the practical application quality of amplification equipment,based on the optimization of key components such as sealing,feed inlet and outlet,and spray circulation system of fermentation equipment,the optimal aeration rate and the material transformation characteristics of micro⁃aerobic pre⁃heating stage in practical application were further explored,the relationship between microbial ecological network was revealed,and the actual operation effect was evaluated.The results showed that the optimization of key components significantly improved the operational stability of the equipment.The optimal aeration rate was 10 L/min and the volume gas production rate reached 1.20 m^(3)/(m 3·d)in the micro⁃aerobic synchronous pre⁃heating stage.At the 40th hour,the material temperature of each layer in the aerated group was increased by 45.54%,32.46%and 52.06%compared with that in the nonaerated group.The simultaneous pre⁃heating promoted the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in each layer of the material,improved the acidification efficiency,and increased the concentration of organic acids by 59.83%,50.69%and 20.85%,respectively.The gas production potential of the material was increased by 34.9%.The relationship between microbial network and changes in fermentation environmental factors was investigated.It was found that the abundance of SBR1031,Synergistales and Gaiellales,which had synergistic effects in micro⁃aerobic pre⁃heating stage,were increased by 57.67%,15.88%and 68.59%,respectively

关 键 词：农业农村废弃物 干法厌氧发酵 微好氧 发酵装备 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X76[环境科学与工程—环境工程]