马克思与李嘉图地租理论的实质分野——再议绝对地租与价值规律间的矛盾  

The Substantial Difference between Marx's and Ricardo's Theories of Land Rent——Re-discussion on the Contradiction Between Absolute Land Rent and Law of Value

作　　者：姜婷 Jiang Ting

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2023年第4期15-21,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“生产力社会形式与共同富裕前提的哲学研究”(21CZX012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思的地租理论在其政治经济学中占据着极为重要的地位,土地与资本、劳动三者共同构成资本主义生产方式中的“三大主体”。斯密自制了价值规律中的“双重规定”——“耗费劳动”与“购得劳动”之间的矛盾,李嘉图似乎意识到了处在“双重规定”中的理论裂痕,在克服矛盾的基础上发展了劳动价值论,却不可避免地陷入了绝对地租与价值规律的矛盾之中。马克思在梳理思想发展史的进程中,发现了古典政治经济学理论体系中存在着概念模糊、逻辑错位等问题,这一系列问题导致了古典政治经济学的破产。马克思在批判古典、庸俗政治经济学家的进程中形成了对劳动价值论、“转换问题”、绝对地租等重要概念的界定,完成了政治经济学体系的革新。不难看出,马克思所构建的地租理论是以一种科学的、历史性的原则突破了古典政治经济学无法突破的理论和历史界限。Marx's theory of land rent occupies a very important place in his political economy, and land, together with capital and labor, constitute the "three subjects" of the capitalist mode of production. Adam Smith made his own "double rules" in the law of value-"consumed labor" and "purchased labor".Ricardo seemed to be aware of the theoretical rift in the "double regulation" and developed the labor theory of value on the basis of overcoming the contradiction, but he inevitably fell into the contradiction between absolute land rent and the law of value. In the process of sorting out the history of intellectual development, Marx discovered important problems in the theoretical system of classical political economy, such as conceptual ambiguity and logical misalignment, which led to the bankruptcy of classical political economy. In the process of criticizing the classical and vulgar political economists, Marx formed the definition of such important concepts as labor theory of value, "conversion problem" and absolute land rent, and completed the innovation of the system of political economy. It is not difficult to see that the theory of land rent constructed by Marx broke through the theoretical and historical boundaries that classical political economy could not break through with a scientific and historical principle.

关 键 词：绝对地租 级差地租 劳动价值论 转换问题 虚假社会价值 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]