洛克自然法思想的基本面向  

The Fundamental Orientation of Locke's Natural Law Thought

作　　者：苏爱玲 Su Ailing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院 [2]黑龙江大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2023年第4期56-63,共8页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：自然法思想在西方世界有一个较为深厚的传统,自然法是正义的根本源泉所在。相对于各地方不同的国家法律和习俗,自然法具有永恒不变的特征,约束着所有的人,并且可以为所有具有正常理性的人所认识。本文意在分析洛克自然法思想的内在脉络,指出洛克对自然法的理解并未完全违背这一自然法传统。洛克坚持捍卫自然法的永恒不变和普遍适用,拒绝将自然法建立在纯粹私利之上。他认为把人性完全与私人利益相勾连,就等于废除和取消了自然法。自然法作为善和正当的法则,要求我们认识到自身在世界中的位置,并遵从理性的本性安顿自己的生活,承担自身的职责。The theory of natural law has a profound tradition in the western world, and the law of nature is the fundamental source of justice. Compared with different national laws and customs in different places, natural law has eternal characteristics, binds all people, and can be known by all people with normal rationality. This paper intends to analyze the internal context of Locke's natural law thought, and points out that Locke's understanding of natural law does not fundamentally violate this natural law tradition. Locke insists on defending the eternal and universal applicability of natural law and refuses to base natural law on pure self-interest. He thinks that linking human nature completely with private interests is tantamount to abolishing and canceling natural law. Natural law, as good and just law, requires us to be aware of our place in the world and to settle our lives and duties in accordance with rational nature.

关 键 词：洛克 理性 自然法 约束力 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]