天津地区2013~2018年儿童过敏性鼻炎患病情况及吸入物致敏谱特征分析  

Prevalence and aeroallergen sensitization patterns of childhood allergic rhinitis in Tianjin from 2013 to 2018

作　　者：张嘉懿[1] 沈永明[1] 李军普 娜仁[1] 崔小健[1] 曲利亚 李会强[4] 司萍[1] ZHANG Jiayi;SHEN Yongming;LI Junpu;NA Ren;CUI Xiaojian;QU Liya;LI Huiqiang;SI Ping(Department of Medical Laboratory,Tianjin Children's Hospital,Tianjin,300134,China;Department of Medical Laboratory,Tianjin Chest Hospital,Tianjin,300222,China;Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,Tianjin Children's Hospital,Tianjin,300134,China;School of Medical Laboratory,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin,300203,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市儿童医院检验科,天津300134 [2]天津市胸科医院检验科,天津300222 [3]天津市儿童医院风湿免疫科,天津300134 [4]天津医科大学检验学院,天津300203

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2023年第3期169-172,共4页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81772259)。

摘　　要：目的了解天津地区鼻炎儿童中过敏性鼻炎(AR)患病率、致敏谱的流行特征及变化趋势。方法选取2013~2018年在天津市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科就诊患儿9519例,收集患者信息和过敏原特异性IgE结果,用logistic回归分析评价影响AR患病和致敏谱的因素。结果AR占就诊患儿的61.3%,男性、6~11岁年龄组、夏秋季患病率更高。AR致敏谱以霉菌最为常见(57.3%),其次为花粉(33.7%)、动物皮毛(32.6%)和户尘螨(27.5%)。花粉和户尘螨过敏随患儿年龄增加而增加,动物皮毛过敏随年龄增加有下降趋势。就诊患儿中AR占比由2013年的54.9%增至2018年的68.1%,致敏率增长最快的过敏原是花粉。结论天津地区儿童AR患病率较高且有上升趋势,男童、年长、夏秋季患病率更高。霉菌是最常见的过敏原,花粉过敏致敏率增长最快。OBJECTIVE To describe the characterization and trend of allergic rhinitis(AR)prevalence and allergen sensitization profiles in rhinitis children of Tianjin.METHODS From 2013 to 2018,9519 rhinitis children were assessed by pediatric specialists,and sensitization to aeroallergens was determined by sera sIgE tests.Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)representing the association of gender,age and season with AR prevalence and allergen sensitization.RESULTS 61.3%rhinitis children were sensitized to inhalant allergen and defined as AR.Boys,children between 6-11 years,summer and autumn season had higher AR prevalence rates.The highest sensitization rates were seen in moulds(57.3%),pollens(33.7%),animal danders(32.6%)and house dust mites(27.5%),respectively.Sensitization rates to pollens and house dust mites increased with age,while sensitization rates to animal danders decreased with age.The overall AR prevalence in rhinitis children rose from 54.9%in 2013 to 68.1%in 2018,with the fastest growth in pollen-related sensitization.CONCLUSION The study revealed a high and progressive children AR prevalence rate in Tianjin,with higher prevalence in boy,elder children,summer and autumn season.Although mould was the most commonly detected allergen,the surge of pollen-related AR called attention.

关 键 词：儿童 鼻炎 过敏 变应原 患病率 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]