珠三角城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性测度与差异性应对策略  

Vulnerability Measurement and Differential Coping Strategies of Urban Public Health Emergency System in Pearl River Delta

作　　者：王若楠 何艳婷 何洛轩 张屹立 Wang Ruonan(School of Health Management,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,P.R.China.)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东广州510515

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2023年第4期241-246,共6页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2020年度项目“珠三角城市社区公共卫生应急体系脆弱性测度与防控能力提升研究”(GD20CGL23);教育部2021年产学合作协同育人研究项目“公共卫生应急管理教学实践实训平台建设”(202101313036);广东省高校哲学社科重点实验室:“公共卫生政策研究与评价”重点实验室(2015WSY0010)。

摘　　要：目的:构建城市突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性(以下简称“城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性”)测度模型,并以珠三角为研究区,定量测量城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性,揭示其时空特征,并划分脆弱性类型,为提升珠三角城市公共卫生应急系统能力提供科学依据。方法:基于压力与释放模型,构建城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性指标体系,运用脆弱性测度模型分析珠三角城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性的时空分异特征,运用主导要素法划分珠三角各市的脆弱性类型。结果:珠三角城市公共卫生应急系统适应性水平呈波动式上升,年均升幅为2.99%;脆弱性、暴露性和敏感性呈波动式下降,年均降幅分别为3.77%、1.37%和0.76%。脆弱性在空间分布上呈现以珠江入海口城市为核心,向外围递减的“核心—次核心—边缘”圈层式格局。深圳、东莞、佛山和中山4市处于高脆弱区域,深圳为暴露—敏感型高脆弱区,东莞为敏感—适应型高脆弱区,中山为暴露型高脆弱区,佛山为适应型高脆弱区。结论:珠三角城市公共卫生应急系统脆弱性存在明显的时空分异特征,且各市所处的脆弱性类型各异,应依据“循序渐进、因地制宜、重点突出”的原则为各地提供差异性的应对策略,以期实现有效“降脆”。Objective To construct a measurement model for the vulnerability of urban public health emergency system,quantitatively measure the vulnerability of urban public health emergency system in the Pearl River Delta,reveal its spatial and temporal characteristics,and divide the types of vulnerability,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the capacity of urban public health emergency system in the Pearl River Delta.Methods Based on the pressure and release model,the vulnerability index system of urban public health emergency system was constructed.The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of the vulnerability of urban public health emergency system in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed by using the vulnerability measurement model.Results The adaptability level of urban public health emergency system in the Pearl River Delta showed a fluctuating rise,with an average annual increase of 2.99%.Its vulnerability,exposure and sensitivity showed a fluctuating decline,with an average annual decline of 3.77%,1.37%and 0.76%,respectively.The spatial distribution of vulnerability presents a"core-sub-core-edge"circle pattern with the Pearl River estuary city as the core and decreasing to the periphery.Shenzhen,Dongguan,Foshan and Zhongshan are in high vulnerable areas,in which Shenzhen is exposed-sensitive high vulnerable area,Dongguan is sensitive-adaptive high vulnerable area,Zhongshan is exposed high vulnerable area,and Foshan is adaptive high vulnerable area.Conclusion The vulnerability of urban public health emergency system in the Pearl River Delta region has obviously spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics,and the vulnerability types of each city are different.It is necessary to provide differentiated coping strategies for different places based on the principle of"step by step,adjusting measures to local conditions,and highlight the focus",in order to achieve effective"brittleness reduction".

关 键 词：城市公共卫生事件应急系统 脆弱性 时空分异 差异性应对策略 珠三角 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]