从“重债穷国倡议”到“缓债倡议”:主权债务救助的影响与反思  

From HIPC to DSSI:Reflections on the Effects of Sovereign Debt Relief

作　　者：周玉渊[1] ZHOU Yuyuan(Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第4期47-61,共15页Pacific Journal

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金项目“‘一带一路’沿线部分国家的债务可持续性问题研究”(19BGJ002)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：主权债务救助是国际社会应对发展中国家债务危机和发展危机的重要方式,历史和现实经验表明,主权债务救助的作用往往是短期的,其无法从根源上解决债务问题,也无法预防和避免新的债务危机。这根源于主权债务救助的三个结构性难题:主权债务合作中的集体行动难题;主权债务救助目标议程的分散化;发展中国家在世界经济金融体系中的脆弱性。虽然集体行动难题一直是主权债务救助努力克服的核心问题,但债权人的多元化使这一问题更加复杂。主权债务救助目标议程的分散化,尤其是债务救助的政治化则导致债务救助偏离了实际,往往带来更大的负面影响。很多发展中国家抵御外部冲击的能力是非常有限和脆弱的,其是由发展中国家在世界经济金融体系中的位置以及国家治理能力的结构性挑战决定的。由此,主权债务救助必须以缓解这些结构性难题为导向,根据现实变化,反思和重塑债务救助的理念和方式,最大程度降低债务救助的附带影响,必须标本兼治,从系统、综合和发展的视角塑造和践行新时期的主权债务救助。Sovereign debt relief is an important way for the international community to address the debt crisis and economic crisis of developing countries.Historical and realistic experience shows that the role of sovereign debt relief is generally short-term,and it fails to really tackle the root causes of debt problems and prevent the coming of new debt crisis.This is rooted in three structural problems of sovereign debt relief:dilemma of collective action in cooperation over sovereign debt,the fragmentation of agenda of sovereign debt relief,and the systemic vulnerability of developing countries against the global economic and financial system.The collective action problem has been at the heart of sovereign debt relief,and it is thus compounded by the increasing diversity of creditors.The coordination of sovereign debt relief has been complicated and politicized,having greater negative impacts over deviating debt relief from the normal track.In the system,the capability of developing countries to resist external shocks is very limited and fragile.Thereafter,sovereign debt relief should generate the effects on alleviating these structural difficulties,reshape the concepts and methods of debt relief,and minimize the unintentional effects of debt relief.It is necessary to address the symptoms and root causes,and takes a systematic,comprehensive and developmental approach to deal with the sovereign debt relief.

关 键 词：“重债穷国倡议” “缓债倡议” 债务救助 债务危机 发展中国家 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]