土地流转中农民主体性的缺失与建构——基于国家、市场与农民视角的考察  

The Lack and Construction of Farmers’Subjectivity in Land Circulation-Based on the Perspectives of the Country,Market and Farmers

作　　者：熊凤水[1] 江立华[2] XIONG Feng-shui;JIANG Li-hua(College of Social and Political,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Social college,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学社会与政治学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]华中师范大学社会学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《河北学刊》2023年第3期183-190,共8页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2022年度国家自然科学基金专项项目“返贫的诱发机制与防止返贫的政策应对研究”(72141004);2020年度安徽大学农村社会发展研究中心招标项目“乡村文化空间的解构与重构:人居环境与文化传承”(SK2020A0030)。

摘　　要：在政府引导和市场调节作用下,中国当前农村土地流转取得了巨大成绩,但同时也暴露出一些问题。政府动员容易走向行政推动型土地流转,速度快,规模大,具有运动式色彩,难以实现适度规模经营的最佳生产效率,基层政府也可能惹火上身。而市场调节诱发工商资本的逐利本能,与农民争利,容易产生非粮化、非农化行为,削弱农业发展的根基。土地流转实践中,农民呈现出主体性缺失的状况,表现在平等权受限、参与权不足、决策权虚化和创造性抑制等诸多方面。为此,需要充分发挥农民主体性,有效弥补政府和市场的不足,规避土地流转的风险,推动土地流转工作走向精细化。应建立国家、市场与农民的良性互构关系,国家还权于民,市场互利共赢,农民发展壮大,农民的内生利益需求得到国家政策的积极回应,并通过市场机制的运作来提高效率。在这个过程中,国家、市场和农民分工合作,功能互补,形成一个互构谐变的有机整体。Under the influence of government guidance and market regulation,farmlandcirculation has made great achievements,but it also exposed some problems.The government’s guidance is easy to move toward administrative-driven land circulation.It is fast and large-scale;it has a sporty feature;it is difficult to achieve the most optimal production efficiency of moderate-scale operation,as a result,the grassroots government may in trouble.Market regulation induces the profit-seeking instinct of industrial and commercial capital,competes with farmers for profit,easily produces non-food-oriented and non-agricultural behavior,and may weakens the foundation of agricultural development.In the practice of farmland circulation,farmers show lack of subjectivity,manifested in many aspects such as limited equality rights,insufficient participation rights,declining decision power,and creative inhibition.It is necessary to give full play to the farmers’subjectivity,effectively make up the insufficiency of government and market,avoid the risks of land circulation,and promote the work of land circulation to be refined.To this end,it is necessary to establish a benign interrelationship between the country,market and farmers,moreover,the state gives back the right to the farmers,the market achieves mutual benefits,the number of farmers further increases,and the farmers’endogenous interest needs can be positively responded by national policies and improve efficiency through the operation of market mechanisms.In this process,the state,market and farmers work together and complement each other to form an organic mutually harmonious relationship.

关 键 词：土地流转 主体性 国家 市场 农民 

分 类 号：C913.9[经济管理]