微生物菌肥对川党参连作障碍及紫纹羽病的防控效果  

Control Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on the Replanting Disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.

作　　者：李小玲 周武先 蒋小刚 李大荣 黄大野 张美德 LI Xiaoling;ZHOU Wuxian;JIANG Xiaogang;LI Darong;HUANG Daye;ZHANG Meide(Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Enshi 445000,China;Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所,农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第3期119-131,共13页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);湖北省农业科技创新中心重大科技研发项目(2020-620-000-002-04);湖北省农业科学院青年科学基金项目(2021NKYJJ19);国家生物农药工程技术研究中心-农业部农业微生物资源利用华中区域科学观测试验站联合开放基金项目(JF-NBCOES-1806);恩施州科技计划项目(D20220057)。

摘　　要：为研究微生物菌肥对川党参连作障碍及紫纹羽病的防控效果,以川党参为研究对象,探索重茬灵和新特锐菌对连作川党参生长及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在施用重茬灵和新特锐菌2年后,与对照(CK)相比,川党参的种苗存活率分别提高了42.3%和38.4%,紫纹羽病发病率由大到小依次为CK(13.4%)>施用新特锐菌(3.4%)>施用重茬灵(0%)。2种微生物菌肥均可有效防控川党参紫纹羽病,且重茬灵的防控效果更佳。与CK相比,重茬灵处理的单株鲜重提高了20.3%,产量提高了71.4%;新特锐菌处理的单株鲜重提高了34.6%,产量提高了85.7%。此外,重茬灵和新特锐菌处理均显著提升了川党参叶片叶绿素a含量,增幅分别为4.9%和2.6%;并显著提升了总叶绿素含量,增幅分别为5.3%和3.0%。与CK相比,重茬灵处理下川党参叶片的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛和超氧阴离子自由基含量显著下降,而可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量则显著升高;新特锐菌处理下仅可溶性蛋白含量显著升高。重茬灵处理显著提高了川党参根茎总蛋白含量,增幅为15.6%~16.5%,新特锐菌处理则显著提高了其炔苷含量,增幅为10.1%~15.3%。土壤酶活性对施用2种微生物菌肥的响应规律一致,与CK相比,重茬灵和新特锐菌处理均显著提高了连作土壤的脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性,显著降低了过氧化氢酶活性。综上所述,微生物菌肥能够通过影响川党参植株的光合代谢、抗氧化能力以及土壤酶活性来改善其生长,从而有效防控川党参连作障碍和紫纹羽病害。To solve the problems of replanting disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka in C.tangshen Oliv.under continuous cropping system,an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers(Chongchaling and Xinteruijun)on the growth and soil enzyme activity of continuous cropping C.tangshen Oliv..The results showed that,compared with the control(CK),the seedling survival rates were significantly increased by 42.3%and 38.4%after using Chongchaling and Xinteruijun for 2 years,respectively.The incidence rate of Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka followed the order of CK(13.4%)>Xinteruijun(3.4%)>Chongchaling(0%).These two microbial fertilizers could effectively control Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka,among which Chongchaling had better control effect than Xinteruijun.Compared with the CK,Chongchaling significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 20.3%and 71.4%,respectively;Xinteruijun significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 34.6%and 85.7%.Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the chlorophyll a content of C.tangshen Oliv.by 4.9%and 2.6%,respectively.Meanwhile,Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the total chlorophyll content by 5.3%and 3.0%,respectively.Furthermore,compared with the CK,the activities of catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase under the Chongchaling were decreased respectively.Moreover,the contents of malondialdehyde and O_(2)^(-)·were decreased,while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased.The soluble protein content under Xinteruijun was increased.Compared with the CK.Chongchaling significantly decreased the total protein content(15.6%~16.5%),Xinteruijun significantly increased the lobetyolin content(10.1%~15.3%).The responses of soil enzyme activities to the application of two microbial fertilizers were similar.Compared with the CK,Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly improved the activities of urease,alkaline phosphatase and accharase,while decreased the activity of catalase.In conclusion,microbial fe

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 川党参 连作障碍 紫纹羽病害 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]