地下矿山进路式采矿爆破参数优化研究及控制措施  

Study on optimization of blasting parameters and control measures for drift mining in underground mines

作　　者：李龙福[1,2,3] 江东平 仪海豹[1,2,3] 章结传 LI Longfu;JIANG Dongping;YI Haibao;ZHANG Jiechuan(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;National Engineering Research Center of Huawei High Efficiency Cyclic Utilization for Metallic Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]华唯金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《中国矿业》2023年第5期118-123,共6页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目资助(编号:2017YFC0602902)。

摘　　要：某地下矿山主矿体赋存于闪长岩与砂页岩接触带部位,岩石节理裂隙比较发育,因矿石中含造泥矿物和鳞片状矿物以及软弱夹层,导致矿体稳固性较差。为确保开采过程中的安全,设计采用进路式尾砂充填采矿法,分为两个回采步骤,即一步骤先采矿房,待矿房回采结束并充填后进行二步骤回采矿柱,采取“隔三采一”的方式。进路爆破质量受工程地质条件、原爆破孔网参数不合理等因素影响,导致生产爆破中出现炮孔利用率低、炸药单耗偏高、巷道成型差、超欠挖现象严重、大块多以及巷道支护工作量大等问题。为解决采矿进路爆破过程中的安全问题,从掏槽方式、炮孔布置、炮孔深度、装药结构及起爆顺序等方面进行爆破方案优化,试验结果表明:参数优化后爆破效果明显改善,炮孔平均利用率由82.1%提高至92.6%,提高了10.5%;炸药平均消耗量由2.93 kg/m^(3)降低至2.00 kg/m^(3),降低了31.74%;半壁孔痕率平均在76%以上,进路断面超欠挖量也控制在10 cm以下,断面轮廓成型较好,岩石块度均匀。研究成果可为类似爆破工程提供参考。The main ore body of an underground mine is located in the contact zone between diorite and sand shale.The rock joints and fissures are relatively developed.Because the ore contains mud-forming minerals,flaky minerals and weak interlayers,the stability of the ore body is poor.In order to ensure the safety of the mining process,the design of the road type tailings filling mining method,divided into two steps to stop,that is,one step first mining room,after the end of the room mining and filling and then two steps back to the mining pillar,take three mining a way.The quality of approach blasting is affected by engineering geological conditions,unreasonable parameters of original blasting hole net and other factors,resulting in low utilization rate of blast hole,high unit consumption of explosives,poor roadway forming,serious overbreak and underbreak,large blocks and heavy workload of roadway support.In order to solve the problems exposed in the blasting of mining approach,this study optimizes the blasting scheme from the aspects of cutting mode,blast hole layout,blast hole depth,charge structure and detonation sequence.The test results show that the blasting effect is obviously improved after parameter optimization,and the average utilization rate of blast hole is increased from 82.1%to 92.6%,which is increased by 10.5%.The average consumption of explosive decreased from 2.93 kg/m^(3)to 2.00 kg/m^(3),decreased by 31.74%.The average hole mark rate of half wall is more than 76%,and the overbreak and underbreak of the approach section is also controlled below 10 cm.The section profile is well formed and the rock block is uniform.The research results of this paper can provide reference for similar blasting engineering.

关 键 词：岩石力学 进路式采矿 爆破工程 参数优化 安全控制 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]