健康益处视角下社区绿地规划模式的设计思考  

Design Thinking of Community Green Space Planning Model from the Perspective of Health Benefits

作　　者：王旸 王薪宇 尹豪[3] WANG Yang;WANG Xinyu;YIN Hao

机构地区：[1]弗吉尼亚理工学院暨州立大学 [2]北京林业大学 [3]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《城市环境设计》2023年第1期365-372,共8页Urban Environment Design

基　　金：北京林业大学热点追踪项目--城市人居环境植物景观资源应用水平与提升策略研究。项目号:2022BLRD05。

摘　　要：绿地的使用往往与降低非传染性疾病风险有关。过往绿地与非传染性疾病关系的研究更多集中在社区周边是否存有绿地、绿地的数量以及绿地的远近,很少涉及绿地的组成和配置对非传染性疾病的影响。对此,本研究探讨了绿地的组成和配置与社区居民报告的非传染性疾病之间的关系。研究采集了来自美国明尼苏达州亨内平县阿波利斯市13个社区中536位居民的健康数据,使用零膨胀泊松和广义线性混合模型,量化了与这些社区绿地组成和配置相关的景观指标。研究发现,不同社区绿地的景观组成与配置比例对非传染性疾病的影响各不相同:①较高树冠量的社区绿地,非传染性疾病的发病率较低;②与单个大块绿地相比,分散的小块绿地非传染性疾病风险较小;③绿地空间越密集,患非传染性疾病风险的困扰越低;④小面积水体景观,有助于居民非传染性疾病的恢复;③不同社区绿地类型的景观比例与非传染性疾病之间并没有显著的关联性。研究旨在提出健康益处视角下多情景导向的社区绿地规划新模式,以期为社区尺度上的绿地规划提供有用信息,对更好地、更具前瞻性地规划社区绿地提供科学指引。Green spaces are often associated with a reduced risk of non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Previous studies on the relationship between green space and NCDs have focused more on whether there is green space around the community,the number of green spaces,and the distance of green spaces and have rarely dealt with the impact of green space composition and configuration on NCDs.In this regard,the study explored the relationship between the composition and configuration of green space and NCDs reported by community residents.The study collected health data from 536 respondents in 13 communities in Minneapolis,Hennepin County,Minnesota,USA.We quantifed landscape indicators related to green space composition and-configuration using zero-inflated Poisson and generalized linear mixed models.The study found that the impact of landscape composition and configuration ratio of different community green spaces on NCDs was different:1.community green spaces with higher tree canopies had a lower incidence of NCDs;2.compared with a single ample green space,scattered small green areas have less risk of NCDs;3.the denser the green space,the lower the risk of suffering from NCDs;4.Small-area water landscape,which is helpful for residents to recover from NCDs;5.there was no significant association between the landscape proportions of community green space types and NCDs.The research aims to propose a new multi-scenario-oriented community green space planning model from the perspective of health benefits to provide helpful information for community-scale green space planning and provide scientific guidance for better and more forward-looking planning of community green space.

关 键 词：社区绿地 非传染性疾病 景观指标 组成和配置 规划新模式 

分 类 号：TU985.125[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]