炼油装置管式加热炉燃烧控制优化  

OPTIMIZATION OF COMBUSTION CONTROL FOR TUBULAR HEATER IN REFINERY UNIT

作　　者：张冬旭 Zhang Dongxu(SINOPEC Guangzhou Engineering Company Limited,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510620)

机构地区：[1]中石化广州工程有限公司,广东广州510620

出　　处：《石油化工设备技术》2023年第3期28-32,I0002,共6页Petrochemical Equipment Technology

摘　　要：炼油装置中管式加热炉为工艺流程提供热量。加热炉主要燃烧控制目标包括维持炉出口工艺介质温度、炉内无可燃物聚集风险、安全操作、高效节能等。国外项目中,平衡抽力和强制抽力模式的加热炉燃烧设计采用“空燃比控制”方案,当炉负荷增加时,优先增大供风量,随后增大燃料量,当炉负荷较小时,优先减少燃料量,随后减少供风量,以确保炉内的燃烧变化过程始终空气过剩,避免供氧不足、发生不完全燃烧,降低可燃物聚集的安全风险。较常规控制方案,采用“空燃比控制”方案的加热炉过剩空气系数较小,烟气排放量较少,热效率、安全性有所提高,操作费用有所下降。在碳中和目标下,加热炉采用“空燃比控制”的方案是一种提高燃料效率、减少CO_(2)排放的解决方案。The tubular heater in the refinery unit provides heat to the process flow.The main combustion control objectives of heater include maintaining the process medium temperature at the heater outlet,ensuring no risk of combustible material accumulation in the heater and achieving safe operation and high energy efficiency.In many oversea projects,the combustion design of heaters with operation mode of balance draft and force draft adopts"fuel-air ratio control"scheme.Upon an increasing variation of heat demand,air flow increases before fuel does.On the other hand,upon a reduction of heat demand,fuel gas flow decreases before air does.This is to ensure excess air during the combustion change process in the heater and avoid insufficient oxygen supply and incomplete combustion,and reduce the safety risk due to combustible material accumulation.Compared with conventional combustion control design,the fired heaters with"fuel-air ratio control"have smaller excess air coefficient and less flue gas emissions;the thermal efficiency as well as safety have been improved;and the operating cost has been reduced.Under the goal of carbon neutrality,the"fuel-air ratio control"scheme for heaters is a feasible solution to improve fuel efficiency and reduce CO 2 emissions.

关 键 词：管式加热炉 燃烧控制 空燃比控制 过剩空气系数 烟气排放 

分 类 号：TE963[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]