滴灌模式和土壤水分对冬小麦土壤水提取量和水分利用的影响  

Effects of Drip Irrigation Method and Soil Moisture on Soil Water Extraction and Water Use of Winter Wheat

作　　者：杨明达 张素瑜 杨慎骄[3,4] 关小康 李帅 陈金平 王同朝[1] YANG Mingda;ZHANG Suyu;YANG Shenjiao;GUAN Xiaokang;LI Shuai;CHEN Jinping;WANG Tongchao(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China;Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453003,China;National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州450046 [2]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003 [4]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第2期149-159,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700900);国家自然科学基金项目(31871553);河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(FIRI2021040102)。

摘　　要：为探索高效的灌溉策略以减少灌水量并提高作物水分利用效率以缓解黄淮海冬麦区水资源短缺。采用田间裂区试验设计,探究地表滴灌(DI)和地下滴灌(SDI)条件下不同土壤水分状况(分别为田间持水量的50%~60%,60%~70%,70%~80%,记为W_(50)、W_(60)和W_(70))对冬小麦产量、土壤水提取量、蒸散量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,对于整个生长季,与DI处理相比,SDI处理降低0~0.8 m土层土壤水提取比降低11.8%~21.8%,但SDI处理0.8~1.6 m土层土壤水提取量增加28.4%~29.8%。SDI处理的平均土面蒸发量和灌溉量分别比DI处理减少23.1%,8.9%。虽然花后SDI和DI处理间蒸腾速率的差异不显著,但在W_(50)和W_(60)条件下(亏缺灌溉),SDI处理的净光合速率和叶面积指数均高于DI处理。与DI处理相比,在亏缺灌溉条件下,SDI处理的产量增加14.5%~29.3%,水分利用效率增加13.9%~25.9%。与DI处理相比,在W_(70)条件下,SDI处理更多灌溉水下渗到0.8 m以下土层,从而显著降低上层土壤的土壤水提取量及叶片的净光合速率,导致产量降低4.1%~8.9%。SDI处理在W_(60)条件下能够从深层土壤提取更多水分,并调控冬小麦的光合特性,从而提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率。To explore efficient irrigation strategies to reduce irrigation amount and improve crop water productivity to alleviate water scarcity in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain winter wheat region of China.A split-plot field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of surface drip irrigation(DI)and subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)systems on wheat yield,soil water extraction,evapotranspiration(ET),and water use efficiency(WUE).The DI and SDI systems consisted of three irrigation schedules(50%-60%,60%-70%,and 70%-80% of field capacity;hereafter,W_(50),W_(60) and W_(70),respectively).The SDI treatment decreased the proportion by 11.8%-21.8% of soil water extraction in the 0-0.8 m soil layers while increased the amount by 28.4%-29.8% of soil water extraction in the 0.8-1.6 m soil layers for the whole growth period.The soil evaporation and irrigation amount of SDI were 23.1%,8.9%lower than that of DI on average,respectively.Although the transpiration rate did not differ significantly between SDI and DI after anthesis,the net photosynthetic rate(P n)and leaf area index were higher in the SDI treatment than those in the DI under W_(50) and W_(60) conditions(deficit irrigation).As a result,the SDI treatment increased the yield by 14.5%-29.3% and WUE by 13.9%-25.9% under deficit irrigation conditions as compared to DI.Compared to DI,SDI decreased P n and soil water extraction in the upper soil layers significantly under W_(70) condition due to more soil water stored below 0.8 m soil layer,and resulted in yield reduction by 4.1%-8.9%.SDI with W_(60) can extract more soil water from subsoil and regulate the photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat,thereby improving yield and WUE.

关 键 词：冬小麦 滴灌模式 亏缺灌溉 土壤水提取量 光合特性 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.7[农业科学—作物学]