氮肥减量配施包膜尿素对阳光玫瑰光合特性、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Coated Urea on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Shine muscat

作　　者：胡文峰 周旋 黄粤林 徐章倩 张慧如 杨威[1] 杨向东 彭建伟[1] HU Wenfeng;ZHOU Xuan;HUANG Yuelin;XU Zhangqian;ZHANG Huiru;YANG Xiangdong;PENG Jianwei(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第2期179-187,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD200703-3);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2019LS03-3);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2019JJ50337)。

摘　　要：为揭示鲜食葡萄阳光玫瑰配施控释尿素的应用效果,筛选出最佳施用量,为鲜食葡萄栽培的氮(N)肥节本增效利用提供依据。于2018-2019年采用田间小区试验,研究N肥减量配施聚氨酯包膜尿素对阳光玫瑰产量、产量构成、光合特性及品质的影响,并探讨不同叶位叶绿素含量与鲜食葡萄品质性状的相互关系。结果表明:与常规施肥处理相比,N肥减量0~30%配施包膜尿素处理的鲜食葡萄产量提高10.67%~32.91%,而减量40%配施包膜尿素处理降低5.79%。其中,适当减N配施控释肥的增产增收效果较常规施肥好。配施包膜尿素处理随着施N量的降低,鲜食葡萄产量及净光合速率呈先增加后降低的趋势。相关性分析表明,葡萄膨大期功能叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均值与品质性状(可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C、糖酸比和固酸比)呈显著正相关,而与总酸呈显著负相关。总体而言,N肥适当减量配施包膜尿素利于形成鲜食葡萄产量结构,提高膨大期功能叶SPAD值及净光合速率,有效扩充果粒,促进鲜食葡萄增产节肥增效,并提升食用品质,以N肥减量10%~20%配施包膜尿素处理效果最佳。To reveal the application effect of controlled release urea in table grape(Shine muscat),and screen out the optimum application amount,a field experiment(2018-2019)was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen(N)reduction combined with polyurethane coated urea on the yield,photosynthetic characteristics and quality of table grapes,and to explore the relationship between chlorophyll content at different leaf positions and quality traits.The results of this study can provide scientific theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient utilization of N fertilizer in the cultivation of table grape.The results showed that:compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the yield of table grape were increased by 10.67%-32.91%,under 0-30% N reduction combined with coated urea treatment,while reduced by 5.79% under 40%N reduction combined with coated urea treatment.Among them,suitable N reduction combined with controlled release fertilizer for table grape had better effect on yield and income increase than conventional fertilization.With the decrease of N application rate combined with coated urea,the yield and net photosynthetic rate of table grapes increased first and then decreased.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the mean value of SPAD of functional leaves at the expansion stage and the quality traits(soluble solid,total sugar,vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio),but a significant negative correlation between SPAD value and total acid.In general,N reduction combined with coated urea treatment was beneficial to the formation of yield component,increased SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves at the puffing stage,effectively expand fruit grains,promoted the increase production,saved fertilizer and increased efficiency of table grapes,and improved the food quality of table grapes.The N reduction of 10%-20% combined with coated urea treatment had the best effect.

关 键 词：鲜食葡萄 阳光玫瑰 包膜尿素 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学] S663.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]