谁在务农:特色农业发展中的农民视角  

Who is Farming?Farmer's Perspective in the Development of Specialty Agriculture

作　　者：何奇峰[1] He Qifeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会发展研究》2023年第1期207-224,M0007,共19页Journal of Social Development

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴战略下县域城乡融合发展的理论与实践研究”(项目编号:22&ZD189;负责人:周飞舟);研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重点项目“实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究”(项目编号:21AZD040;负责人:周飞舟)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中国式现代化离不开农业农村现代化。近年来,一些地方政府在寻求农业转型、探索富民增收的过程中大力发展特色农业,却始终受到政策和包括资本配置与劳动力外流在内的市场规律之间张力的限制。本文通过对一个村庄特色农业的案例研究,认为纾解张力应当从农民的真实发展需求入手,探索与农民发展需求相契合的现代农业转型路径。在务农劳动力数量和劳动能力不足的现实状况下,小农户的产业规模难以扩大。把小农生产单位作为最基础的一环,通过横向联合嵌入全产业链中,构建“小农户生产、村集体统合、合作社联合、社会力量参与、政府支持”的多级主体协同发展模式,可能是一种立足农民需求的乡村产业发展路径。Chinese-style modernization requires agricultural and rural modernization.In recent years,some local governments have been vigorously developing specialty agriculture to seek agricultural transformation and explore ways to enrich farmers'income.However,the tension between policy and capital allocation and the market law of labor outflow always constrain them.Through a case study of specialty agriculture in one vilage,this paper argues that the tension should be relieved by starting from the real development needs of farmers and exploring a modern agricultural transformation path that fits the development needs of farmers.It is difficult to expand small farmers'operation scale with insufficient farm laborers and labor capacity.Making small farmers'production units,as the most basic link,embedded in the whole industrial chain through horizontal association and building a multi-level subject synergistic development model of"small farmers'production,village integration,cooperative association,capital participation,and government consolidation"may be a rural industrial development path meeting farmers'needs.

关 键 词：农业现代化 特色农业 农村劳动力 农业资本化 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]