杀婴案件死产活产的法医学鉴定16例分析  

Forensic identification of stillbirths and live births in infanticide cases:an analysis of 16 cases

作　　者：包敖男 刘鑫 Bao Aonan;Liu Xin(Key Laboratory of Evidence Science,Ministry of Education(China University of Political Science and Law),Beijing 100088;Center for Legal and Ethical Research in Medicine,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]证据科学教育部重点实验室(中国政法大学),北京100088 [2]中国政法大学医药法律与伦理研究中心,北京100088

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2023年第2期125-128,共4页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

摘　　要：本文对16例杀婴案件的刑事判决书进行了回顾性分析。经数据分析发现,杀婴刑事案件中活婴法医学鉴定可能面临法庭质证的挑战,存在着非法医学证据收集利用难度大、单纯依靠浮扬试验结果判断活产缺乏科学性、浮扬试验操作不规范等问题。在目前的司法实践中,浮扬试验的结果是法医学鉴定认定新生儿死产或活产的重要依据,关乎法院在刑事案件中对于被告人是否应当承担刑事责任的认定。在讨论上述问题的基础上,为规避法医学鉴定现状所造成的消极影响,本研究进一步提出了完善建议。In this paper,a retrospective analysis of the criminal verdicts of 16 infanticide cases was conducted.The data analysis revealed that the forensic identification of live infants in infanticide criminal cases might face challenges of court cross-examination,and that there were problems such as the difficulty of collecting and utilizing the illegal medical evidences,the lack of scientificalness in judging live birth by relying solely on the results of the float test,and the irregularities in the operation of the float test.In the current judicial practice,the results of the float test are an important basis for the forensic medical identification to determine whether a newborn is stillborn or born alive,and are relevant to the court's determination of whether the defendant should be held criminally responsible in a criminal case.Based on the discussion of the above issues,this study further proposed suggestions in order to circumvent the negative effects caused by the current state of forensic identification.

关 键 词：浮扬试验 死产 活产 刑事责任认定 

分 类 号：D919.5[医药卫生—法医学]