单亲鉴定的风险与应对  

Parentage testing of duos:risks and responses

作　　者：陈茂敏 周凤蕾[1] 黄代新[1] 肖超[1] Chen Maomin;Zhou Fenglei;Huang Daixin;Xiao Chao(Department of Forensic Medicine,Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2023年第2期148-154,共7页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助(HUST:2021XXJS114)。

摘　　要：目的分析单亲鉴定的风险并提出应对策略。方法首先使用无关个体对和近亲对的STR分型模拟单亲鉴定,分析存在的风险;然后计算代表性商品化试剂盒的单亲累积排除概率,度量风险大小;最后提出风险应对策略。结果单亲鉴定存在无关个体和近亲被错判为生父或生母的风险。使用含20~29个常染色体STR基因座的单个检测系统进行单亲鉴定易出现近亲错判。选择性加做基因座和比较近亲关系指数与亲权指数有助于识别近亲冒充,降低错判风险。结论为应对单亲鉴定的错判风险,建议根据鉴定情形检验合适类型和数量的遗传标记,同时比较近亲关系指数与亲权指数,并在鉴定意见中注明近亲干扰风险。Objective To analyze the risks in the parentage testing of duos and to propose response strategies.Methods Firstly,parentage testing cases of duos were performed using short tandem repeat(STR)profiles of unrelated individual pairs and close relative pairs to analyze the potential risks.Then the combined probability of exclusion in duos was calculated for the representative commercial kits to determine the magnitude of risks.Finally,the risk response strategies were proposed.Results There was a risk that unrelated individuals and close relatives were falsely identified as biological fathers or mothers in the parentage testing of duos.Using a single detection system containing 20 to 29 autosomal STR loci was prone to misjudge.Selective addition of loci and comparison of the kinship indices for close relatives and paternity index were helpful to identify the impersonation and reduce the risks.Conclusion In order to reduce the misjudge risks in the parentage testing of duos,it is recommended to test appropriate type and number of genetic markers according to the identification scenario,to compare kinship indices for close relatives with paternity index,and to indicate the risk of interferences from close relatives in the identification opinion.

关 键 词：法医物证学 单亲鉴定 短串联重复序列 风险 应对 

分 类 号：D919.2[医药卫生—法医学]