安顺苗语的否定词及其句法特征  

Negators and Their Syntactic Features in Anshun Hmong

作　　者：牟飘飘 Mou Piaopiao

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《民族语文》2023年第1期17-29,共13页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究(17ZDA310)”的资助。

摘　　要：本文讨论安顺苗语否定词的类型及其句法结构、语用特征。根据语义的不同,安顺苗语否定词可以分为普通否定词、存在否定词、已然否定词及祈使否定词4类。这4类否定词的句法结构特征表现为“否定词+动词/形容词”。受当地汉语西南官话的影响,安顺苗语出现了框式否定词ma33…lei44“不……的”,这是语法复制的结果。在语用特征中,否定辖域是否定词后面的全部成分,但是否定焦点既可以与否定句焦点分裂,也可以与否定句焦点重合,可见否定焦点与否定句焦点是两个不同的概念。This paper deals with the types as well as the syntactic and pragmatic features of the negatives in Anshun Hmong. According to their semantic differences, the negatives are divided into four types, viz. the standard negator, the existential negator, the negator of completed action and the imperative negator. The syntactic structures of these four types of negatives can be characterized as “negative + verb/adjective”. Under the influence of Southwestern mandarin, the bipartite negator ma33…lei44 is produced in Anshun Hmong, which results from grammatical replication. Among the pragmatic points, the focus scope ranges over what linearly follows the negator, but the negative focus can either separate from the focus of a negative sentence or converge with it, which indicates that the negative focus and the focus of negative sentences are two different concepts.

关 键 词：苗语 否定词 句法特征 否定辖域 否定焦点 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]