俄乌冲突以来美国对乌克兰军事援助评析  

Decoding U.S.Military Assistance in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

作　　者：李晨[1] LI Chen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2023年第1期64-86,128,129,共25页Contemporary American Review

摘　　要：俄乌冲突爆发一年多以来,美国及其部分盟友对乌克兰实施了军事援助。随着战场形势的变化,援助不断升级,从单兵和小分队使用的反坦克导弹等装备,升级到重型火炮、步兵战车、主战坦克等地面主战装备和防空导弹系统。美国在军事援助中发挥了政治、地理、同盟、技术、后勤保障以及乌克兰战备方面等优势,但也受到战略目标、美军自身战备需求和国防工业产能以及乌克兰消化和吸收能力等因素的制约。军事援助虽然对俄乌冲突的长期化产生了战略影响,也塑造了不同阶段的战场态势,但难以使乌克兰实现“北约化”,也难以使其形成军事优势和掌握战略主动权。美国及其盟友伙伴也从对乌军援中吸取经验和教训以应对亚太地区安全局势的变化,但对乌军援模式难以在亚太地区复制。Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,both the U.S.and its key allies have been providing military assistance to Ukraine.Considering the changing dynamics on the battlefield,the U.S.also escalated the quality of military assistance from providing anti-tank missiles to major ground combat system such as heavy artillery,infantry fighting vehicles,and main battle tanks,as well as air defense missile system.The U.S.advantages in politics,geography,alliance coordination,technology,logistics,and Ukraine military readiness all contributed to the effectiveness of security assistance.Nevertheless,the U.S.assistance is also constrained by factors such as its political objectives,military readiness,defense production capacity,and Ukraine's learning and adaptive capacity.The U.S.assistance to Ukraine have strategically protracted the conflict and shaped the battlefield.Even so,it would not lead to a Ukraine army wholly equipped with NATO weapons,endowing the Ukraine army with major military advantage and strategic initiative.The U.S.together with its allies and partners also tried to learn lessons thereafter to cope with challenges in Asia-Pacific.However,it is unlikely that the model of security assistance to Ukraine could apply in Asia-Pacific.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 军事援助 美国对外战略 地区安全 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论] E511.3