CPTPP非商业援助条款解析思辨及中国的应对  

Add to Favorite Get Latest Update Analysis and Reflection on CPTPP Non-Commercial Assistance Rules and China's Response

作　　者：任宏达 Ren Hongda

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所 [2]中国社会科学院国际法研究所涉外法治研究中心

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第2期78-98,共21页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“外商投资法实施机制研究”(项目编号:20CFX084)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为特殊的国有企业补贴规则,《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)非商业援助条款继承和发展了《补贴与反补贴措施协定》(SCM协定)。在该条款中,非商业援助的构成包含主体、援助、专向性审查、事实上的利益授予审查、适用范围共5方面要件。对造成不利影响或损害的非商业援助,争议各方可诉诸CPTPP争端解决机制。其中,有关信息收集的程序较SCM协定有较大变动,存在削弱专家组自由裁量权之嫌。非商业援助条款将补贴的适用范围扩大至服务贸易和投资,降低了补贴认定的门槛。但同时,非商业援助条款也以穷尽的方式列举了有限的受约束的补贴类型,而其余的补贴类型应视为不可诉。此外,各缔约方竭尽所能地排除非商业援助条款对本国的适用,形成了规模巨大的适用例外,欠缺以身作则的担当,使非商业援助条款本身较难说服和引导各国国有企业改革。鉴于此,中国应统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治,建设性地参与非商业援助条款的建构发展。As a special subsidy rule regarding to the state-owned enterprises,the CPTPP non-commercial assistance(NCA)rules inherit and develop the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(SCM Agreement).The composition of NCA includes five elements:subject,assistance,specificity review,de facto benefit grant review,and scope of application.For NCA that causes adverse effects or injury,the parties to the dispute may resort to the CPTPP's dispute settlement mechanism,but its procedure of information collection has changed significantly compared to SCM Agreement,which may weaken the discretion of the panel.The NCA rules expand the scope of subsidies to service trade and investment,lowering the threshold for subsidy identification.But at the same time,NCA rules also enumerate in an exhaustive manner a limited number of subsidy types that are bound,while the remaining subsidy types should be considered non-actionable.In addition,each party tried its best to exclude the application of NCA rules to its own country,creating a huge number of exceptions,and lacking the responsibility to lead by example,thus makes it difficult for NCA rules themselves to persuade and guide the reform of state-owned enterprises in various countries.In view of this,China should advance the rule of law in domestic and foreign-related affairs in a coordinated manner,and participate constructively in the future development of the NCA system.

关 键 词：非商业援助 CPTPP 国有企业 补贴 反补贴 SCM协定 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]